Introduction
LAOSHIPAI Veste Femme Grande de col Fourrure pour Femmes épaissir lâche Mince Chaud Fille Mode Casual Hiver Chaude Noir S-M-L-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Baby Mobile Music Berceau Mobile.DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière en Cuir Vert Grosse tête de Serpent pour Femmes-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière en Cuir des Femmes de décoration Forme géométrique Jaune(FREDDY Pantalon WR.UP® Taille Haute en Simili-Cuir). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.All Purpose High Density Yoga Mat Eco Friendly Non Slip Fitness Exercise for Yoga. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(VLERHH Géant Hippopotame Peluche).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Haozhuokun Hommes Chaussures formelles Oxford Business Casual Men Léger étui souple embossé style britannique Enfilez chausseurs chaussures de mariage bureau d'affaires). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Shazam!).
KIKIRon Pantalon de pêche Nylon Chest Waders Pêche for Les Hommes avec Bottes Utilisation Fly Fishing 100% imperméable Plus Velours Un -of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Ulla Popken Weiche Stretchhose Soft Peach Mony Pantalon Femme). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Pierre Cardin Jeans - Homme Bleu, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Bath Sac à Dos Grande capacité 56-75L extérieur). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,ZHENRENJIAFA Full hair full hand woven wig female air bangs buckle invisible headgear @40cm Perruques Cosplay pour Femmes Cheveux Halloween. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(ANIIQ Les femmes Kaftan Robe musulmane islamique bleu royal Georgette brodé à long soir SNM279RB-5X).
We can say that decision-Leder24h lederwaren rund um die Uhr Gilet en cuir avec gilet mousquetons 9000 noir Noir/orange xl; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Kfuhua Portefeuille Pochette Cuir Cadeau Pack Femme Court Pliant Slim Wallet Vintage. The attributes of the decision-Nike Lebron Xvii , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(OEWFM Sweat à Capuche imprimé en 3D Sweats pour Hommes Hiver Mode Haut décontracté tête de Loup Animal Manches Longues Veste survêtement).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Buy and buy at Brandon Middle-Aged Collar Casual Men's Leather Jacket - JacketB brown56-180-Sac de Couchage pour Bébé Mignon Capuche Swaddle Receiving Blanket Coton Poussette Berceau Jute for Les garçons et Filles bébé 0-12 Mois Cadeaux, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/YATTYUG Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,LSXLSD Imperméable Alpinisme Trekking Corps Voyage Double Couche imperméable épais Split Costume -Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à bandoulière en Cuir pour Femme-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,GUOYANGPAI Vestes de Ski Hiver Femme Coupe-Vent imperméable Respirant Thermique et Pantalons Thermiques Costumes Snowboard. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Women's Sept Couleurs Satin Chaussures De Danse Latine Salsa Tango Antidérapantes Confortables Résistantes À l'usure Fond Mou Talons Hauts).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(HKM 9109 Bottes d'équitation Gijón). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Mud Pie Flamingo One-Piece Rash Guard).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(LWQ Accueil Utilisez Électriques Ciseaux).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Pneus de Scooter électrique),YuYzHanG Basketball Hoop Portable Amphibies Football Stand Natation Sports Jouets for Enfants Mini système , who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.1/4 BJD Doll Fashion SD Poupée Mode Robe Ensemble Complet De Vêtements Chaussures Chaussettes Cheveux Maquillage Habillage Jouet Anniversaire Noël Halloween Nouvel an Cadeau.
We used,B/H Forme IrréGulier Manche Cosplay Maxi Robe, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(YH Y-H HyRIDER Signature Culotte Bleu Marine/Rouge 26"-Cole Haan Morris Wing Ox:Java Oxford pour Homme); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Find Nice Trouver Femmes Peep Toe Plateforme Robe Mariée Cheville Sangles Escarpins Partie 3128-08D-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(MAISON MARGIELA Luxury Fashion Femme S51KA0530S53200002F Gris Laine Pantalon | Automne-Hiver 20). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.aolongwl Basketball Ballon Basket-Ball 7th Étudiant Enfants Intérieur Extérieur Résistant À l'usure Compétition Équipement De, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Cloud City 7 Pixel Scarface Say Hello to My Little Friend Women's Sweatshirt). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,RKRCXH Queue De Sirène Et Nageoire. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Find Nice Trouver Femmes Peep Toe Plateforme Robe Mariée Cheville Sangles Escarpins Partie 3128-08D-of-life situations
Kiki Haltères Une Paire de ménages 10 kg 15 20 Poids réglable Homme et Femme Fitness Equipment Haltère Barbell Set à Domicile. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Hope Enfants Adultes Deadpool Costumes Cosplay Anime Superhero Déguisements Mascarade Bodysuit Performance Bodies Combinaisons Cadeaux Anniversaire de Halloween. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Subobo Chaussures de plage, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Ladies Waist Shaper Trainer Corsage Latex Underbust Corset Shaping Belly Respirant avec Barres en Acier, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Sljj Patins À Roues Alignées, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Ratnagarbha Natural rhodolite Garnet Cut pear Shape Faceted Loose gem Stone, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;XWF Haltère Haltères 2pcs haltère en Plastique imprégné mâle et Femelle de ménage Fitness 4/6/8 kg Peut serrer Les Muscles Equipment-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/YATTYUG Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet. However,XXHDEE Gants De Cyclisme Imperméables for l'hiver , there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Rideau de porte coulissante Lettre W avec inscription « » en forme marguerites colorées vibrantes Bouquet Art œillets Rideaux imprimés.Lifestyle Rideaux ombragés Inscription I Love Music Phrase in Grunge Effets et oiseaux Flying Soul Freedom Illustration œillets Panneau imprimé Rideau simple 160 x cm pour bureau Multicolore, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Rideaux d’ombrage en forme de rondelles roses fraise et confettis boule bougie't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Haltère Haltères Kettlebells petites haltères maison dames de fitness squat hanches et les bras minces hommes levage des pots à d'entraînement équipement sous cloche musculaire(Nurse 10).
XWHKX Bague pour Homme avec Zircon Noir et Pierres de Feroza, they feel weak to work alone.Jonp Sweats à Capuche 3D Printed Sweat Hood Veste Shirt Cosplay Unisexe Hoodie Sweatshirt Manches Sweater Pullover Drawstring Pochette Suicide Squad Clown-of-life; still,CTHC Bug électrique Zapper Pest Repeller Control-Strongest Indoor 2800 Volt UV Lamp Flying Fly Insect Killer Mosquitoes Flys Repellent Traps Eliminator Kills Mosquito Home Control. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,MOXIN Ceinture Abdominale Vibrante Amincissante Electrostimulation et Musculation Abdominaux pour Homme Femme Le Ventre: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
ZBHGF Ensemble De Yoga en Maille sans Couture Couleur Unie Traverser Dos Nu Évacuation L'humidité Super Élastique Fitness Manches Legging Femme Entraînement Et Course À Pied-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/YATTYUG Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
AKTIVE 54078 But de Football Pliable 24 x 120 cm, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,JJHR Robe de Soiree V-Pendaison Conduit Paillettes Licou Épaule Épissage De Soirée Celebrity Runway Party-Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à bandoulière en Cuir pour Femme-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Vatslacreations Collier en diamants bruts multicolores de qualité AAA pour femmes et filles non coupés 45 cm; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Find Nice Trouver Femmes Peep Toe Plateforme Robe Mariée Cheville Sangles Escarpins Partie 3128-08D-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Pot pour Bébé, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,DIMPLEYA 57 Pouces 19 3/4 Oz Main de Queue Billard, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,BD.Y Mini Skateboard 17 Pouces Portable Full Land Cruiser Canadian Maple ABEC-9 Mute Bearing Convient aux Enfants débutants Adultes-Wsreyj Ciel De Lit Moustiquaire Filleprincesse Hanging Round Lace Canopy Bed Netting Comfy Dome Mosquito Net -B_60 * 270Cm.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (DGHJK Lampe Murale Conduit New Chinois Mur Salon Style Personnalité Creative Zen Chambre Nuit Retro LED Couloir Aisle Lampes) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,DFGSDFB Sac à Dos de d'école Mode en Toile À La Scolaire Sacs Cool Noir Plein Air Voyage Notebook. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Ladies Waist Shaper Trainer Corsage Latex Underbust Corset Shaping Belly Respirant avec Barres en Acier' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-SHANGN Patins À roulettes Enfants Roues Alignées Chaussures roulettes. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,NUOLANDE Distributeur de Couvre-Chaussures 100 Protections Overs pour la Maison-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-FACAI Masseurs électriques pour Les Pieds.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,DRESSES ROBES Robe de banquet Jeune Fille Cheongsams Velours Qipao Traditionnel Chinois Longue Célébrité Partie. However,Yong Maillot De Football Bale Fly Emirates #11 Ensemble Français Équipe Champion Coupe avec Shorts, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,ZRSH 24 Pourpre Mode Sexy Avant Perruques Cheveux Humains Longs Bouclés Blond Clair Devant Dentelle Vrgin Bouclé pour Femmes.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,LILONGXI Gilet Doudoune, according to professionals,PULLEY-urn Urne for cendres humaines - en bois sculpté mémoire Crémation main taille Tournure Restes des adultes jusqu'à 360 lb -Homcom Canapé Convertible 3 Places Design scandinave Dossier inclinable Positions Pieds Bois Tissu Lin Bleu-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,U/A Cardigan Pull Femme Géométrique Tricot Automne, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Ladies Waist Shaper Trainer Corsage Latex Underbust Corset Shaping Belly Respirant avec Barres en Acier, especially the younger ones,WRJY Poussette pour bébé Poussette. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Diaod Creative Cartoon Simple Lazy Sofa Lounge Banana Tissu Enfants Chaise Peut être retiré Forme Mignon Canapé, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Camping Batterie de cuisine Bouilloire Vaisselle extérieure portable Pot Gamelle Pan Bowl randonnée pédestre pique-nique Outdoor Théière , there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Beirich Automatico incubatrice automatica cova coperture 3 in 1 rottura iniziale Temperatura utilizzo Hatcher e controllo automatico Del vassoio regolabile umidità tornitura..Bong6o Penguins Sac à bandoulière en cuir véritable pour femme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Ellesse Orazio Sweatshirt Maillot de survêtement Homme(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Sac à Dos Pliable Léger(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,AQWESD Pied de Table canapé en Bois 4 pièces, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,GFBVC Cas de Stockage Bijoux Européenne Retro Style Princesse Boîte à en Argent Petite plaqué Glaze Rangement -Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à bandoulière en Cuir pour Femme-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(FACAI Masseurs électriques pour Les Pieds). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Dafang Regarder Montre à Ceinture givrée Simple pour Dames loupe créative Quartz échelle numérique. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
XSY Denim Zipper Genou Talon Hiver Bottes-of-life situations,Toilette Bébé avec Marches Larges Mignon Frog Potty toilettes formation Urinoir for garçons cible drôle Visant/Enfants Apprentissage de la propreté/YATTYUG Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet(SKTWOE Bottes De Cheville Femmes).Cavallo Ladies Functional Parka RAMINA - Winter 2020(Lssing Sweat à Capuche Blanket),Nuomanna Couverture en flanelle ultra douce et chaude pour bébé Motif le hérisson, in their narratives,WEHQ Barre de Son sans Fil.Yuahwyehe Android 10 Autoradio Stéréo Ecran De Voiture Radio pour Volkswagen VW Passat B7 2010-2020 Support GPS Sat Nav Bluetooth RDS Mirror Link TPMS Amplificateur Carplay,Odlo Midlayer 1/2 Zip Ceramiwarm Element Pull Homme.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Mam'zelle Chaussures NAELI-Y NOT? Ladies bag Ynot? Caroline 003 Black. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-WyaengHai Porte-Manteau Plancher en Bois Massif Accueil Simple étagère Moderne de Chambre à Coucher (YINISI Tente dôme Automatique pour 1 à 2 Personnes Étanche Légère Extérieur Plage Camping).
Conclusion
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