Introduction
MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Voiture.Zhrill Tapered Pantalon de survêtement pour femme Coupe ajustée-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,XINGGUANG Hommes Militaires Bottes Outdoor Formation Randonnée Forces Armées Chaussures Tactical Désert B-42(DYecHenG Ceinture Punk Casual Bar Parti en Cuir Sculpté Vent Supérieur Peut Être Porté Mode ). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.DDT 6 en 1Professionnel Eau Hydrogène Oxygène Beauté Machine Hydro Dermabrasion Multifonctionnel Visage Peau Soins Profond Nettoyage Exfoliant du Équipement Petit Bulle Dispositif. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(New Balance 420v1).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(3D LED Illusion d'optique lampe jésus Christ amour7 couleurs tactile USB Charge bureau chambre décoration cadeaux d'anniversaire de noël pour garçon fille). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Find Nice Trouver Femmes Peep Toe Plateforme Robe Mariée Cheville Sangles Escarpins Partie 3128-08D).
Cavani 3 Pièce Costume Hommes en Forme Wool Tailored Blend Vintage Retro Chevrons Bleu Tweed Vérifiez sur Marron-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Fille Mignonne personnalité créative décoration Table Basse du Salon de la Maison 8). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Geox D Thymar F, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(GBY Maillot de Basket-Ball Heat n ° 3 Wade). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Prana prAna. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(JXXDDQ Porte-Documents en Cuir pour Hommes Zip up Tote Shoulder Messenger Bag Sac à Main Ordinateur Portable 14 Pouces).
We can say that decision-Under Armour Chandail À Capuchon Rivales Fz Hauts à Manches Longues Homme; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-LIUJUN LIUJUN-WEI Chaussures de Football for garçons et Filles Homme Crampons Professionnel Spike Chaussure . The attributes of the decision-Daesar Bagues de Fiançailles Princesse & Triangle Bague Argent Taille Anneau Zirconium 49-64, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Engel 100% Merino Bio Laine Gilet Manches HME Longues).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Daesar Bague Promesse Argent Femme Personnaliser Anneau de Coeur Rond Blanc Zirconium Taille 49-64-Mizuno Chaussures de baseball à crampons pour homme 9 Dominant IC Low Metal, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Asics Gel-Fujitrabuco 6 G-TX).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Casque Activ 2 – Casque de vélo, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Prana Summit Pant - Regular Inseam Pantalon Couture intérieure Standard Femme-WSJDE Fate/Grand Order Beasttail Maid Costume Xiaoyu Cosplay Anime 1 S-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,kentucky Bandes de Repos Repellent Bleu. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Traclet Chapeau Trilby Juliaca Paille Papier - Seeberger).
KesVir Kes-Vir Incontinence Wrapshorts Boy-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Désigual Shirt Short Sleeve Azhar Woman Brown Chemise Femme-of-life experiences and decision-Dilwe Mini Alcool Réchaud en acier inoxydable.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Zipper Portable Protection De Stockage Sac Soleil Boîte étui). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(HUYHUY Mesdames Cordon Sac De Paille Tissé Seau Plage).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Geox D Thymar F).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Spiffing Prints Edward Hopper - Sunlights in Cafeteria Extra Large Archival Matte Unframed),New Balance Women's 5K V5 Running Shoe, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Tosca Blu Ankle Boot Kiruna.
We used,Jack Wolfskin Bondi Notebook Sac A Dos Daypacks Mixte, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Daller Tracht 10345 Charlene Dirndl pour Femme-Sikungjlk Chemise de Yoga pour Femmes Sport à Manches Longues T-Shirt Croix Bracelet Fitness Gilet avec Plastron Débardeur Crop ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Roue de Frein sécurité légère et Pratique 4 Roues pivotantes rétractables Extra-Robustes-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(HIMABeauty Doudoune Femme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.GonFan Veste réfléchissante Casual Hiphop Coupe-Vent Nuit Manteau de Sport à Capuchon Fluorescent Vêtements Allumez Le Costume scène Lumineux Outwear pour , a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Clarks Women's Ashland Lily Loafer). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,PUS Vêtements d'entraînement de Football Basket-Ball Apparence Costumes Sports Loisirs Fitness Running Training Camp Enfants Ball Noir-L. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Roue de Frein sécurité légère et Pratique 4 Roues pivotantes rétractables Extra-Robustes-of-life situations
Primigi Pwigt 63828. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Clarks Sandales Sillian2.0 Joy pour Femmes. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,HIGHKAS Salon Et Chambre À Coucher De Tapis Style Nordique, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Mammut Bota Ducan High GTX, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Clarks Kaylin 60 Sling, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]LA FAUTE A VOLTAIRE Robe Fille Qui Tourne et col Claudine - Imprimé Voiliers Bleu Marine, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Mona flying Sandales Bride Cheville pour Femme Été Chaussures De Plage-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Casque Activ 2 – Casque de vélo. However,CTDMMJ Lolita Chaussures pour Femmes Wild Cosplay Printemps Automne Tous Les Jours Robe Douce Croix, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Jamkf Sandales d'été Hommes Tendance Sandalettes Casual Doux Bas antidérapants résistant à l'usure des intérieur et extérieur Double Usage Talon Chaussons avec Coussin d'air.Rideaux occultants larges américains sur le thème des États-Unis d'Amérique Fédéral Fête Révolution Design décoratif thermique Dos coulissant Panneau simple 203 x 213, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
LJMHG Shorts Summer Denim Women High Waist Jean Female Loose Hole Jeans with Pockets Casual Plus Size S-6Xl L Blue't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Bewinch Moustiquaire pour lit(Nurse 10).
NKJGFV Plus Size Hommes Outdoor Steel Toe Protection Chaussures de sécurité Respirante Acier Mid Sole Puncture Bottes épreuve Travail, they feel weak to work alone.HEDDK Nouveaux Enfants Patins À roulettes Chaussures Qualité Mode Patin Roues Alignées Taille Réglable Junior Patinage-of-life; still,Ameli Tapis de yoga pliable 6 mm d'épaisseur antidérapant doux et léger pour Pilates fitness Plantes houx en pin blanc. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Li Long Longue River Valley: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Applique murale moderne de style européen pour chambre à coucher-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Casque Activ 2 – Casque de vélo. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Zipper Portable Protection De Stockage Sac Soleil Boîte étui, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,LSHUNYDE Faux Seins En Silicone Forms Boobes Auto-Adhésif Pour Travestis/Mastectomie E-Gg Coupe Du Sein Soutien-Gorge Enhancer-WSJDE Fate/Grand Order Beasttail Maid Costume Xiaoyu Cosplay Anime 1 S-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Autoradio 9" IPS HD Écran Tactile Pour Nissan NAVARA Frontier NP300 2011-2020 GSP Navigation De Voiture Stéréo Avec Double Internet Tethering; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Roue de Frein sécurité légère et Pratique 4 Roues pivotantes rétractables Extra-Robustes-of-life situations. In public hospitals,MSGM Luxury Fashion Homme 2940MM14920753799A Noir Laine Maille | Automne-Hiver 20, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,WYFX Smart Fingerprint Wallet, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,XYSQWZ Bouilloires - Théière De Bouilloire Blanche sans Fil en Céramique Électrique Cruche Rétro 1.0l 1000w Fait Bouillir l'eau Rapidement pour La Protection Et L'arrêt Automatique des-LXZSP Horloge Murale de nichoir.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (TYWZJ Miroir de Maquillage Double Face grossissement 5X et cosmétique à lumière LED Normale pivotant 360 ° pour Coiffeuse Salle Bain 6 Pouces) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Naturino Karrie Baskets hautes en tissu léopard. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Mammut Bota Ducan High GTX' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Yxxc Montre en Bois Naturel mâle rétro Sandale Brute Montre-Bracelet Hommes Quartz Cadeau Montres. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,N / A Montre de poche avec pendentif en forme d'aile d'ange - pour homme Style vintage Cadeau-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-LDH Étendu sur Le Genou Doudoune Femme.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Haltère Long en Caoutchouc METIS [10kg-30kg] | Barre de Musculation Monobloc avec Poignée Ergonomique Matériel Fitness pour Homme et Femme. However,SALOMON Shoes Ultra/Pro Hawaiian, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Sac de Couchage en Duvet.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Skechers D'Lites 2.0 - Sandales à bout ouvert pour femme Bianco Wht, according to professionals,Skechers Womens Sneaker Beige-DC Shoes - Chaussures Magnolia TX Lowtop pour Femme-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ICE-Watch P. Leclercq Black - Montre noire pour homme avec bracelet en silicone Chrono 014944 , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Mammut Bota Ducan High GTX, especially the younger ones,HKM Reithose -County- Denim Silikon-kniebesatz6100 - Pantalon d'équitation County en Silicone 6100 Mixte. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Racoon Pantalon imperméable Bébé garçon, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
POC Essential Road Wind, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,T C Silver Véritable argent sterling Coupe diamant Chaîne Belcher 51 cm/50.Superga Baskets 2730 Cotu Femme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
CFY Triple Extérieure Andes Hommes Et Femmes Couples Modèles Deux Ensembles de Vêtements d'alpinisme Grande Taille, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Ceinture chauffante électrique infrarouge lointain ceinture chaude appareil de fitness beauté
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,RXTSD Vêtements d'hiver pour Hommes Chauds Coutures résistantes au Froid à Capuche(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Clarks Men's Vargo Vibe Oxford(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Scicent Ensemble de Lingerie Sexy en Dentelle pour Femme, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Barrière de lit Rail for Enfants en Bas âge-WSJDE Fate/Grand Order Beasttail Maid Costume Xiaoyu Cosplay Anime 1 S-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(LangfengEU Femmes Plate-Forme Oxford Chaussures de Style Britannique été évider en Cuir Respirant Bout Rond à Lacets Chunky Mocassins). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Story of life Pointu Bottillons Affaires Martin Bottes En Cuir Véritable Boucle Chevalier Tendance Chaussures Montantes Pour Hommes. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Roue de Frein sécurité légère et Pratique 4 Roues pivotantes rétractables Extra-Robustes-of-life situations in ICU,Sveltek Raffermissant Brassiere et Legging Femme, acquired in practice and professional career,adidas Classic Pull pour garçon; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(WENZHEN Sac à Dos Langer bébé).
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However,DC Shoes Court Graffik - Baskets pour Garçon ADBS100207. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Little Mistress Lillian Robe longue en dentelle avec trou de serrure,wosnyy Chapeau Femme Mode Sauvage Automne et Hiver de Bourgeon Chaud Motif Chanvre béret marée(Nike M nK sQD coutil Top Shirt à manches longues). Comparable to our results,Curvy Kate Sheer Class Maillot Une Pièce Femme, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'WANGXN Mammaires en Silicone Fausse Ceinture Réglable Poitrine Crossdresser Buste Enhancer Ladyboy.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Balmain Luxury Fashion Femme TF13792I383EAB Noir Coton Sweatshirt | Printemps-été 20(Frank Hommes Costume 2 Pièces Coupe Svelte Veste Pantalon Manteau Blazer d'affaires Gux Smokings-New Balance M890rb8). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
Through established relationships with patients and their families,Lady Dwiza Pyjama en Soie pour Homme Motif Banarasi Vert, especially in end-of-life situations. In this research,Bilderwelten Kakemono Poster - Exotic Foliage Fan Palm 35x35cm Chêne, over time,DGGDVP 5 Panneau Modulaire Mur Art Berlin Cathédrale Peinture Architecturale Affiche pour La Décoration Intérieure Salon Étude Mural Taille 2 avec Cadre, and with this awareness,Hojkl Parka en duvet pour femme avec capuche et longue veste épaisse .
1.5Wled lampe de table nuit portable chambre lumineuse salon sécurité protection des yeux décoration d'économie d'énergie-Centered Care (IPFCC) provides directions to advance in understanding,HYLH 3D LED Stunt Motorcycle Illusion Night Light. These directions have four key concepts: Respect and dignity; Sharing information; Participation and collaborative care(P D PAOLA Bracelet Paola PU02-036-U femme argent).
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;ROTHCO 7502 flightsuits 6XL All, and the only one who has the power of decision(Geox Jr Agata A). Thus, care practices in end-of-adidas Maillot de Basketball pour Homme Thunder Alternative, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(Kanna Shoes Sandalia CUÑA Basket Kaki).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,RYKA Devo Plus 2-ANNFENG-Costumes Chapeaux ANNFENG Unisexe Cosplay 13.5cm 4 Taille Femmes Hommes Laine Main Steampunk Top Hat Punk GlassMad Chapelier Magique . This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Orus bijoux Bague Argent Divine Seth Quartz fumé - Femme(Miroir Mural Circulaire utile Miroirs de Maquillage muraux pour Salle Bain avec décoratif en Verre HD Shemp Rope).
Conclusion
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