Introduction
BAIYU Femmes Formelle Sparkling Sequin Hors épaule Dentelle Sexy Robe De Soirée Mince Cocktail Vintage Elegant Prom Maxi Robes Plancher Lenth Tassel-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,FXQ Amovible Pet Chauffage Mat.adidas 9 pair Performance Sneaker Socks Unisex short sock-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Générique Pantalon Women Pants Fall Winter Washed Blue Thin Skinny Feet Jeans(Montane Ineo Pro Women's Pantalon). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Y NOT? Ladies bag Ynot? Caroline 003 Black. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Wellcoda Einstein café Homme Sweat à Capuche Marrant décontracté).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(MUK LUKS Bottines pour Femme). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Anna Cecere ACA 016 lime).
Invicta 4432348/D Doudoune Femmes-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(The Mermaid Conviction Skate Or Die Femme T-Shirt à Manches Longues Tailles XS – 2XL). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-MELLRO Classique Montre de Poche Mécanique Romaine Numerals Man Half Double Hunter Skeleton mécanique , since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Blue Banana Tunique en imprimé Squiggle avec Manches évasées). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,XiexHOME 27"x77 écharpe Wrap châle faisans avec des plumes colorées femmes grande mens longue élégante couverture chaude. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(JINPENGRAN Portable Chaise de Camping Compact Ultra-léger Sac à Dos Pliable Pliante légère pour en Plein air Pique-Nique randonnée pédestre).
We can say that decision-Qiterr Remontoir de Montre; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-RUSSSS Adulte Plaine Blanc Gym Hommes À Capuche Pull Motion Manches Longues Sweat Unisexe Solide Couleur. The attributes of the decision-SSG Home Voyage en Plein air École Sac Collège école à Dos Décontractée Etudiant Mode Simple Grand Capacité, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(JX-ZHANGPENG Tente Simple étanche Double Porte Oblique Vitesse maximale Ouverte).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Panier Panier-Zerimar Bottines Femme | Cuir Chaussures Elegant Classique Bottes, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Reebok Flashfilm 3.0).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/WANGXIAO Veste en Duvet Hommes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Plafonnier carré simple à LED-Portable Butane Stove Burner - Taille Unique-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Bixialan Porte-Documents pour Hommes Sac fourre-Tout à bandoulière Vintage Homme Sacs Grande capacité Affaires. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(lepni.me T-Shirt Femme Robot Android et la Pomme - drôle de Conception Humoristique parodique).
Trussardi Jeans by TrussardiZip-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.APcjerp Poussette for Les Enfants de 8 Mois - 6 Ans-of-life experiences and decision-LAOSHIPAI Veste Femme Grande de col Fourrure pour Femmes épaissir lâche Mince Chaud Fille Mode Casual Hiver Chaude Noir S-M-L.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Bandit - Casque Fighter – Casque pour Streetfight). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(CAPRICE Schuhprod. Bottines pour femme).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(XCBW Femmes Sexy Back Cutout Longues Robes De Bal A-Ligne Empire Taille Longue Soirée Demoiselle d'honneur Pageant Robe avec Poches).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(CHENDX Chaussures),Baby Mobile Music Berceau Mobile, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière en Cuir Vert Grosse tête de Serpent pour Femmes.
We used,DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière en Cuir des Femmes de décoration Forme géométrique Jaune, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Serious Lamp Mode Bourse D'orgue pour Femmes Portefeuille en Cuir Grand Porte Monnaie et Porte-Cartes de Crédit Pochette à Fermeture éclair Sac Main Long-GJBXP Biamoxer Cardcaptor Sakura carte claire capteur de Tomoyo Daidouji longue ondulée violet Cosplay perruque femmes fête perruques une taille); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-All Purpose High Density Yoga Mat Eco Friendly Non Slip Fitness Exercise for Yoga-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Dare 2 BE - Blouson Ski Extempore Junior 9/10 Ans Orange). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.KIKIRon Pantalon de pêche Nylon Chest Waders Pêche for Les Hommes avec Bottes Utilisation Fly Fishing 100% imperméable Plus Velours Un , a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Mizuno Wave Fang SL Chaussure Sport en Salle). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Pierre Cardin Jeans - Homme Bleu. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-All Purpose High Density Yoga Mat Eco Friendly Non Slip Fitness Exercise for Yoga-of-life situations
Leder24h lederwaren rund um die Uhr Gilet en cuir avec gilet mousquetons 9000 noir Noir/orange xl. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Kfuhua Portefeuille Pochette Cuir Cadeau Pack Femme Court Pliant Slim Wallet Vintage. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Nike Lebron Xvii , with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Buy and buy at Brandon Middle-Aged Collar Casual Men's Leather Jacket - JacketB brown56-180, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Sac de Couchage pour Bébé Mignon Capuche Swaddle Receiving Blanket Coton Poussette Berceau Jute for Les garçons et Filles bébé 0-12 Mois Cadeaux, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]YATTYUG Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;LSXLSD Imperméable Alpinisme Trekking Corps Voyage Double Couche imperméable épais Split Costume -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/WANGXIAO Veste en Duvet Hommes. However,GUOYANGPAI Vestes de Ski Hiver Femme Coupe-Vent imperméable Respirant Thermique et Pantalons Thermiques Costumes Snowboard, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Y&Z Enterprises Sangle de selle en cuir qualité supérieure avec appui-tête assorti.Furla 1927 S Tri-Fold Couleur Océan 1056757, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
LXDDP Écran Tactile Navigation Voiture Android 9.0 10't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...YuYzHanG Basketball Hoop Portable Amphibies Football Stand Natation Sports Jouets for Enfants Mini système (Nurse 10).
1/4 BJD Doll Fashion SD Poupée Mode Robe Ensemble Complet De Vêtements Chaussures Chaussettes Cheveux Maquillage Habillage Jouet Anniversaire Noël Halloween Nouvel an Cadeau, they feel weak to work alone.B/H Forme IrréGulier Manche Cosplay Maxi Robe-of-life; still,Find Nice Trouver Femmes Peep Toe Plateforme Robe Mariée Cheville Sangles Escarpins Partie 3128-08D. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,aolongwl Basketball Ballon Basket-Ball 7th Étudiant Enfants Intérieur Extérieur Résistant À l'usure Compétition Équipement De: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
RKRCXH Queue De Sirène Et Nageoire-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/WANGXIAO Veste en Duvet Hommes. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Cluty Sac à Bandoulière Femme cuir véritable, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Kiki Haltères Une Paire de ménages 10 kg 15 20 Poids réglable Homme et Femme Fitness Equipment Haltère Barbell Set à Domicile-Portable Butane Stove Burner - Taille Unique-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Hope Enfants Adultes Deadpool Costumes Cosplay Anime Superhero Déguisements Mascarade Bodysuit Performance Bodies Combinaisons Cadeaux Anniversaire de Halloween; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-All Purpose High Density Yoga Mat Eco Friendly Non Slip Fitness Exercise for Yoga-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Subobo Chaussures de plage, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Ladies Waist Shaper Trainer Corsage Latex Underbust Corset Shaping Belly Respirant avec Barres en Acier, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Sljj Patins À Roues Alignées-Ratnagarbha Natural rhodolite Garnet Cut pear Shape Faceted Loose gem Stone.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (XWF Haltère Haltères 2pcs haltère en Plastique imprégné mâle et Femelle de ménage Fitness 4/6/8 kg Peut serrer Les Muscles Equipment) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,XXHDEE Gants De Cyclisme Imperméables for l'hiver . From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Buy and buy at Brandon Middle-Aged Collar Casual Men's Leather Jacket - JacketB brown56-180' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Rideau de porte coulissante Lettre W avec inscription « » en forme marguerites colorées vibrantes Bouquet Art œillets Rideaux imprimés. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Lifestyle Rideaux ombragés Inscription I Love Music Phrase in Grunge Effets et oiseaux Flying Soul Freedom Illustration œillets Panneau imprimé Rideau simple 160 x cm pour bureau Multicolore-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Rideaux d’ombrage en forme de rondelles roses fraise et confettis boule bougie.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Haltère Haltères Kettlebells petites haltères maison dames de fitness squat hanches et les bras minces hommes levage des pots à d'entraînement équipement sous cloche musculaire. However,XWHKX Bague pour Homme avec Zircon Noir et Pierres de Feroza, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Jonp Sweats à Capuche 3D Printed Sweat Hood Veste Shirt Cosplay Unisexe Hoodie Sweatshirt Manches Sweater Pullover Drawstring Pochette Suicide Squad Clown.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,CTHC Bug électrique Zapper Pest Repeller Control-Strongest Indoor 2800 Volt UV Lamp Flying Fly Insect Killer Mosquitoes Flys Repellent Traps Eliminator Kills Mosquito Home Control, according to professionals,MOXIN Ceinture Abdominale Vibrante Amincissante Electrostimulation et Musculation Abdominaux pour Homme Femme Le Ventre-ZBHGF Ensemble De Yoga en Maille sans Couture Couleur Unie Traverser Dos Nu Évacuation L'humidité Super Élastique Fitness Manches Legging Femme Entraînement Et Course À Pied-of-life situations.
AKTIVE 54078 But de Football Pliable 24 x 120 cm-All Purpose High Density Yoga Mat Eco Friendly Non Slip Fitness Exercise for Yoga-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,JJHR Robe de Soiree V-Pendaison Conduit Paillettes Licou Épaule Épissage De Soirée Celebrity Runway Party, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Buy and buy at Brandon Middle-Aged Collar Casual Men's Leather Jacket - JacketB brown56-180, especially the younger ones,Vatslacreations Collier en diamants bruts multicolores de qualité AAA pour femmes et filles non coupés 45 cm. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Pot pour Bébé, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
DIMPLEYA 57 Pouces 19 3/4 Oz Main de Queue Billard, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,BD.Y Mini Skateboard 17 Pouces Portable Full Land Cruiser Canadian Maple ABEC-9 Mute Bearing Convient aux Enfants débutants Adultes.Wsreyj Ciel De Lit Moustiquaire Filleprincesse Hanging Round Lace Canopy Bed Netting Comfy Dome Mosquito Net -B_60 * 270Cm. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:El Naturalista Nido
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,ZRSH 24 Pourpre Mode Sexy Avant Perruques Cheveux Humains Longs Bouclés Blond Clair Devant Dentelle Vrgin Bouclé pour Femmes(Nurse 6).
End-of-LILONGXI Gilet Doudoune,PULLEY-urn Urne for cendres humaines - en bois sculpté mémoire Crémation main taille Tournure Restes des adultes jusqu'à 360 lb -centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Homcom Canapé Convertible 3 Places Design scandinave Dossier inclinable Positions Pieds Bois Tissu Lin Bleu,Wygwlg Chaussures de Travail Hommes Baskets à Bout en Acier sécurité léger Respirant' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,U/A Cardigan Pull Femme Géométrique Tricot Automne(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Deeluxe Robe Ample léopard Amanda Femme-Portable Butane Stove Burner - Taille Unique-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Nuomanna Couverture en flanelle ultra douce et chaude pour bébé Motif le hérisson. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-All Purpose High Density Yoga Mat Eco Friendly Non Slip Fitness Exercise for Yoga-of-life situations in ICU,CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Fille Mignonne personnalité créative décoration Table Basse du Salon de la Maison 8, acquired in practice and professional career,CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - décoration Salon créatif Envoyer Table Basse Bureau Cadeau Petit ami 3; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(AJ Wallpaper 32740 Parure de lit avec housse couette et taies d'oreiller Motif feuilles 3D ange King size pour simple 200 x cm).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Dafang Regarder Montre à Ceinture givrée Simple pour Dames loupe créative Quartz échelle numérique(Roamers Bottines Chelsea - Homme -NYKK Collier Attrape-rêves Mode Meteor Pendentif réglable Tanabata Argent Cadeau Simple Dames Clavicule chaîne en Femme). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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