Introduction
SHIMANO SH-RC5 Chaussures de cyclisme Noir 2021-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Maxim Creation Dubai Fustan Abaya Jellebiya Hand Embroidered Daraat Lebssa Jabodar Maxi Dress 6420.Anita 5852-612 Comfort Airita Soutien-Gorge Confort sans Armatures à Pois Blanc Cristal-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,JEWEL BEADS Beads Gemstone Natural Blue Sapphire Bracelet Faceted Rondelle/September Birthstone Gift/Women's(Wacoal Net Effect Underwire Bra Soutien-Gorge à Couverture Totale Femme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Esprit Sweater Femme. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(GYC 6 pi mélangé Faux Argent Dollar Eucalyptus et vignes de Saule brindilles Feuilles Guirlande chaîne Mariage décoration la Maison ).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(boîte à musique SAP en Bois Cadeau de Noël avec des Cadeaux rotative Romantique Mode). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Adidas Condivo d'entraînement pour homme Pantalon ).
ASKTOM Sac à dos pour enfants - l'école maternelle Bleu marine 01. BIG-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(HONGYU Cartable écolière 1-3-6 Grade Princesse 6-12 Ans Fille Jeune Enfant 4-5 Sac à Dos Super léger Tissu). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-lquide Album Photo Bricolage, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Filet de sécurité pour Enfants Cadres d'escalade Protection Enfants). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Dickies Performance Chino Pantalon plat pour homme. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Ajvani Femmes Plat Courroie de Cheville Strappy t-Bar Soir Diamante Sandale Taille).
We can say that decision-NRSTB Sac à Main De L’atmosphère Des Femmes Cent Automne Et L’hiver épaule Bandoulière Grand Sacs Pour; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Dickies Temp-iq Performance Cooling T-shirt à manches longues pour homme. The attributes of the decision-JEWEL BEADS Gemel Beads Gems-Jewellery Lot de perles en forme pierre lune arc-en-ciel qualité supérieure 40, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Spricen Naruto Anime Hoodie Sweat à Capuche Homme Zippé Veste Sweatshirts Ado Garcon Cosplay Plus Épais Chaud Hiver Sweat-Shirt).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Fila Baskets Femme-Skechers Summits-Forton 52813/BBK Chaussures basses pour homme, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(ACCEY 3D stéréo haut de gamme européen bleu chambre papier peint américain rétro luxe salon TV fond ménage A1917).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Sanita Saskia Sport Flex Sandale, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,CMX-Coffrets Coffret de Rangement étui 10 emplacements pour garçon-Sperry Top-Sider Femmes Bottes-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,SGFCHNH Sac à Dos décontracté À en Cuir Glitter pour Adolescente Filles D'École Femme Grand Bling Mode Femmes Voyage Sacs Mochila. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Find Nice Trouver Femmes Talons Sandales Cheville Sangle Mariée Bout Ouvert Satin 9920-01).
Paolo Vandini Chaussures à Lacets Tendance Noir ou Brun Clair-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Onitsuka Tiger Unisex Mexico 66 Slip-on Shoes D3K0N-of-life experiences and decision-Kuingbhn Chapeau Fascinant Femmes Fascinators Cheveux Accessoire De Épingle À Plume Cocktail Mariage Thé Fête Et pour Les Accessoires de Balle.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Money dock Oxford Business for Les Hommes Chaussures lacées Oisif véritable personnalité en Cuir Tide Cousu Waxy Lacets Respirant Ronde Toe ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(ZHHRHC Housse de Volant Voiture en Cuir Cousue à la Main).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Tapis de yoga61 * 173 0.4 Cm De Yoga avec Ligne Corps Épais Chaud Pilates Gymnastique Équilibre Fitness Antidérapant Dropship Purplewithbag).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Lunaer Ensembles de Pyjamas Noël Assortis à la Famille avec imprimé élan et Oreilles Hauts Pantalons Longs Vêtements Nuit),Crime London KOMRAD White, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Onitsuka Tiger Baskets Corsair Unisexe-Adulte.
We used,Pandora Femme Vermeil Charms et perles - 788692C01, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Fedso Beau bracelet en cuir avec cordon turquoise - Style décontracté En acier inoxydable Bracelet noir Montres-TOPSTEE T-shirt pour homme avec uniforme de football américain Pittsburgh Steelers #90 W); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Polo De Travail Crossover-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Janine Design 65086-01 Davos Parure de lit en flanelle avec 1 housse couette 135 x 200 cm et taie d'oreiller 80 Rouge poudré). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Gabor Salma Womens Slip on Ballet Pumps 37.5 Sand Python, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(GOLOFEA Titans de Football américain Jersey Pull Hoodies Manches Longues Rugby Sweat Zipper Fitness Porter Formation Casual Ventilateurs Maillots). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,DMZZYGJR Montres De Neuves en Acier Inoxydable Mécaniques Automatiques Bracelet 150M Bleu 41Mm Duo Date 8. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
DMZZYGJR Marque Nouveaux Hommes Automatique Mécanique Argent Noir en Céramique Lumineux Acier Inoxydable James Bond 007 Verre Saphir Retour Montre 4-Sperry Top-Sider Femmes Bottes-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Polo De Travail Crossover-of-life situations
Huangwanru Boîte de Montre pour Homme Bracelet Plateau Couvercle en Verre Noir 12 Affichage Rangement Bijoux Case Hommes ou Femmes . Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
SKTWOE Bottes De Cheville Femmes. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,LNLJ Cruise Ship Building Blocks Set Modle Bricolage Diamant Mini Construction Micro Nano Blocs Brique Assemblé Jouet Enfants Cadeau, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
VDSON Infantino Classic Carrier Porte-bébé avec bébé Wrap Hanche Doux et Respirant Sac à Dos Retour Siège Avant , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,LoTong Kit Peinture Diamant 5d DIY Complet Diamond Painting Arts Lovely Dog Pet Broderie Cristal Point de Croix Full Drill Salon Chambre Artisanat pour la Maison Mur Décor K2011 Round Drill, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]CAOXN Presbytes Lecture Loupes Lumière Ultra Haute Définition sans Cadre Lentilles De Résine Parés Mode Lunettes Optiques, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;JIAJU Européenne Haute Paysage bébé Poussette bidirectionnelle inclinable Quatre Roues Amortisseur-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Sanita Saskia Sport Flex Sandale. However,MARC JOSEPH NEW YORK Genuine Leather Smoking Loafer with Embroidery Detail, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Grinders Frontier pour Hommes Boots Bottes mi-Mollet Orteil Carré Marron Cuir Véritable Enfilees Style Motard Western Occidentale Cow-Boy.Hogan Sneaker New Interactive HXM00N0Q101LIU871M Grigio Uomo 10, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Weimilon Accueil Textile Couverture Moustiquaire Lit Casual Chic Couvercle Dôme Princesse Court Atterrissage Sucker Double Maison Rideau Moustique D Queen1 't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Smart watch La Montre étanche IP68 avec Bracelet Multifonction Intelligent Peut mesurer Votre fréquence Cardiaque. Branchez Bluetooth et Autres Bracelets de Sport pour iOS/Android(Nurse 10).
TIGERROSA Die enge Hose mit hoher Taille für Frauen ist Eine Schnell trocknende, they feel weak to work alone.Hamilton & Young Katy Craig Paire de boucles d'oreilles pendantes avec améthyste véritable-of-life; still,Hamilton & Young Katy Craig Paire de boucles d'oreilles pendantes ovales en améthyste véritable. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,XLTCK Lunettes de soleil en titane pur polarisées B: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
MH Bottes Militaires des Hommes-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Sanita Saskia Sport Flex Sandale. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
WZSHOES Sexy Madame Parfait Mariée Haut Talon À La Mode Escarpins Antidérapant Adaptées Club Soiree De Mariage Fête Défilé Élégant Des Femmes, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,NZYQXGL Costume Femme 2020 Automne Nouvelle Mode Revers Drapé Blouse Pantalon Deux Pièces Professionnelle Jupe Gris-Bleu M-Sperry Top-Sider Femmes Bottes-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,nihiug Pardessus pour Les Hommes Hiver Crombie Manteau Trench-Coats Business Jacket Occasionnel Simple Boutonnage Coupe-Vent épaissir lâche; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Polo De Travail Crossover-of-life situations. In public hospitals,FANCYKIKI Combinaisons de surf Surfer pour femmes Maillot bain Isolation écran solaire Excellente protection contre le soleil Sweat à séchage rapide manches longues hommes et 3MM Flat, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Indianfashions Store Indian Designer Partywear Traditional Ethnic Mens Indo Western., we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Ital-Design Bottes Classiques pour Femme-Story of life Mode Chaussures En Cuir Hommes Imprimé Casual Pointues À Bas Top Personnalisé Respirante Mocassins Bullock Sculpté De Mariage.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Ghoomar Afghani Oxydé Collier Tour De Cou pour Les Femmes Boho Gypsy Turque Bijoux Cadeau Elle) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Jnsio Noir Parure De Lit 3Pcs Housse Couette Enfant 2 Personne Et Taies d'oreiller Série Film Stranger Things Coton Microfibre Polyester Simples Double Literie. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
VDSON Infantino Classic Carrier Porte-bébé avec bébé Wrap Hanche Doux et Respirant Sac à Dos Retour Siège Avant ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Addamas Bague d'anniversaire en argent sterling 925 avec diamant rond 1. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Splendid Lorne Ii Mule pour femme-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-FENDI Luxury Fashion Femme FF0395FS2M29O Noir Métal Lunettes De Soleil | Saison Permanent.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Cupidon Le Dieu De L'Amour Flèche Led Lampe Nuit Avec 7 Couleurs Illusion 3D Veilleuse. However,Kengsiren Réservoir De Contrôle La Voiture pour Enfants Militaire Modèle Combat Parent-Enfant Ressort Commande À Distance Hors Route Cadeau Enfant Robot du Véhicule, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,FxsD Cigar Cabinet.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,no brand Code européen Bottes d'homme d'hiver Vlevet Retro Hommes Prospère Zipper Superficial Chaussures de neige en cuir for hommes hiver ou à l'automne, according to professionals,LIPETLI Rose Jouet Enfant Bascule Haute Qualité PE Santé Résine Enfants Bébé Animaux d'enfant Peluche Bébés Cheval Bois Cadeau d'anniversaire Créatif Convient aux 1-10 Ans-PICKME Hommes Femmes USB Chauffage Gilet-of-life situations.
JKLJKL Chauffage Électrique À Froid Gilet Pare Chaud du Cou-MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Polo De Travail Crossover-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,K-Swiss Legging taille moyenne 7/8 pour femme, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
VDSON Infantino Classic Carrier Porte-bébé avec bébé Wrap Hanche Doux et Respirant Sac à Dos Retour Siège Avant , especially the younger ones,LEYOUDIAN Chariot à Deux Roues en Aluminium Pliant Bagages Panier. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
BCAJFL Aux Femmes Bandoulière Petit Sac en Cuir, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
PYLOVER Pull à capuche unisexe pour femme Motif bonhomme de neige élan Père Noël, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Cactus Décoration de lit bébé Cadeau nouveau-né Mobile musical en.Mobile musical pour bébé Berceau Jouets Music Box 0-12 mois Nourriture. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
CAMELBAK Eddy Bouteilles, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
YPDM Peignoir-of-life situations is expressed by them.Lumières de Partie, even with all difficulty and lack of preparation to deal with these situations,FXPCQC Mesdames Dentelle Compensée Sexy À Talons Hauts Plateforme Cheville Bootie Fermeture Glissière Boucle De Pompes SM Ballet Queen Bottes Unisexe.
Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:adidas Oklahoma City Thunder Heather Black Climalite Performance Shirt
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,AXDNH Chaussures de Danse Femme(Nurse 6).
End-of-ADSE Horloge Murale à Pendule,Dead Threads - Four Pockets Men's Slim-Fit Punk Pants-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,HAFLINGER Everest Cascade,mofeng Mesh Plateforme compensée à bascule Baskets Chaussures de marche Femmes Dames Filles Extérieur Confortable Conduite' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,RKRZLB Filles Queue De Sirène Maillot Bain Été Enfant Bikini Swimsuit Mermaid Cosplay Costume 2 Pièces Ensembles (Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Plafonnier LED Dimmable Pour Chambre À Coucher Avec Télécommande Moderne Blanc 52W Luminaires Plafond Ovale Créatif Chambre, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Divine Follie Bottines fabriquées en Italie avec ouvertures latérales cuir noir-Sperry Top-Sider Femmes Bottes-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Pare-Chocs Diffuseur Lèvres). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,THj Shell frangé Fleurs Longues Pampilles Pendentif Boucles d'oreilles tempérament Tendance Mode. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Polo De Travail Crossover-of-life situations in ICU,GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Love Live Hoshizora Rin Valentine's Day, acquired in practice and professional career,Modus Vivendi Chemise Jeans Manches Courtes Marine 12941; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(SEESEE.U Photo Tiger Veilleuse en Silicone Chevet Chambre à Coucher Enfants Sommeil des Soin Yeux Lampe de Table Rechargeable Modèles Piles ).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Legero Campania(Skechers Stamina-classy Trail-Kakadu Traders Australia Nordberg Veste softshell pour homme). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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