Introduction
WTB Byway Road Tcs 700 x 44C-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Columbia Powder Pass.Mizuno 320583.0000.15.1100 Ambition Low Crampons de Baseball en métal pour Homme Blanc -disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Leschi COUSSIN CHAUFFANT soulage les maux de dos et ventre/bouillote pour micro-ondes/coussin en graines blé enfants bébés (Dilwe Mini Alcool Réchaud en acier inoxydable). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.DR MARTENS 101 6-eye Ys Smooth EU 40. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Mayser Homme Chapeau Trilby Troy noir).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(WPF Cyclisme Vélo de Route Casque D'Équitation Une Pièce Mâle Et Femelle). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Diy Barber shop autocollant vinyle imperméable papier peint Home Decor pour les chambres d'enfants bricolage Pvc décoration de la maison accessoires-25x30 cm).
YUN Clock@ Trotteur pour Bébé Pliable avec Siège Rembourré-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(QINGQING Dragon Ball Z Esprit Figures Bombe LED Night Lights Goku Action Lampe Bleue). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Ralph Lauren Thompson, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(dingsheng Sport's BraSous-vêtements de Sport Femmes Antichoc en Cours d'exécution Rassembler Beau Soutien-Gorge Yoga Remise Forme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,21 shoes Chaussures personnalisé cloutée Customized Original . Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(MOLINGXUAN Montre Sport d'extérieur Multifonctions LED étanche personnalité Lumineux étudiant électronique).
We can say that decision-Maillots de Basket-Ball pour Hommes et Femmes; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-DGHJK Haut-Parleur Bluetooth Gramophone. The attributes of the decision-Kjore Project Clous Limites iClutch Monnaies, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(LFDHSF Modèle Bricolage modèle magnétique Solaire).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),THj Boucles d'oreilles en Alliage Floral Diamant Multi-Couches Strass Longues Pendentif Gland Mode bohème-LA SPORTIVA Akasha Chaussures de Trail - Homme, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(dmsc Halloween Masque de Noël Prom Coq Styling Party Game drôle Bricolage- ).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/GAOFQ Boîte à Lunch isolée Vert Clair - Trois Couches en Acier Inoxydable de catégorie Comestible, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Décorations de Salon Chem Voilier Modèle 1: 100 Échelle à la Main en Bois Navire Kits Navires Assemblée Cadeau d'anniversaire Souvenirs Jouet-Deutsch Sulla Pilot IW Bracelet de montre en cuir pour homme Noir 22 mm-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,SHKY 3 Paires de Brancard réglable pour Chaussures à Semelles universelles en Bois Massif. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(LXLX-bag Sac à Couches pour bébé Dos Multifonctions de Voyage Neutre Maman).
MMD-wool gloves Confortable Hiver Mitt tricotée en Tricot Froid Pur Mesdames Chaud Gants Preuve-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.JTYX CIGARETTE CASES Étui à cigares pour Hommes Voyage Portable en Cuir étui Bois de cèdre Cave Peut contenir 4 Cadeau fête des pères-of-life experiences and decision-YCWY Costume Chinois Antique pour Femmes.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Art Bergen). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(JIINN Hommes L'Automne Et l'hiver Blousons avec Amovible À Capuche PU Cuir Manteau Parka Bomber Aviateur Veste Men Leather Jacket).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(HOIH Sac à dos pour ordinateur portable Pablo Cruise).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle ),Bicye&Sandth Hommes Complet du Corps Moto Armure Motocross Course Vestes équitation Protection Taille S-5xl, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.TYX Bottines À Bout Pointu.
We used,BUNICQ Anime nouvelle génération cosplay perruque 70 cm de long vert cheveux synthétiques Halloween fête perruques PL-339, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(JOBST Chaussettes de Compression Jobst Ultra Pure - au Collants / KKL2 V /Bronze Fermé Dentelle/Petite/Schwangerschaftshosenteil-Trevor Jones Bof Richard III); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Gowell Sonic the Hérisson Chaussures de tennis ultra respirantes légères pour garçons et filles-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(adidas Kids' Marquee Boost). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.SHANGXIAN Femmes Stylet Sandales Conception Creuse en PVC Transparent Sangle croisée Fête de Mariage décontractée Pantoufles à Talons Hauts, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Stockerpoint Weste Leander Veste de Costume d'affaires Homme). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,NYPB Faux Poitrine Silicone Seins Mammaire 1 Paire. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Gowell Sonic the Hérisson Chaussures de tennis ultra respirantes légères pour garçons et filles-of-life situations
Topashe Femme Halloween Renaissance Medievale Costume. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
iinfinize Inde Imprimé à la Main Bloc Kimono Robe Courte Traditionnelle Fleur Coton Taille Libre Nuit Piscine Tunique Bikini Cover Up Maillot de Bain. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,AOBOCO Collier en argent sterling avec pendentif forme de tournesol cœur cristaux Swarovski, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Grunland CI0938 ALDE Ciabatta Donna S. Love 36, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,adidas Pulseboost HD Guard M, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]WRJY Poussette bébé, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;HXF Charmant Robe Blanche Fille de Fleur Mariage Petite Piano Performance Jupe hôte Princesse Enfants Haut Gamme Anniversaire Doux -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/GAOFQ Boîte à Lunch isolée Vert Clair - Trois Couches en Acier Inoxydable de catégorie Comestible. However,Redsheep Fantastique Cerf Empereur Mignon Cerfs et Arbres en Fleurs Femme Print Mince Pull Hoodies Kangourou Poche, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Kaporal Parka à Capuche avec Fausse Fourrure Amovible - Tana Fille.TANOU Naturel Vert Jade Yoni Oeuf Cristal Pierre Oeufs Kegel Exercice Boules Vaginales Exerciseur Vaginal Pelvien Boule de Quartz, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Raelf Bois for enfants Cartoon éclairage de la salle Grand plan Plafonnier 4 Têtes E27 Protection des yeux lampe plafond avec perles LED Lustre Creative Chambre d'enfant 110-24't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Ushpoy Men's Ma-1 Flight Zip-Up Stand Collar Casual Baseball Bomber Jacket(Nurse 10).
Fanuosu Couverture de Chaussures Pluie Adulte Oxford Tissu Bottes De Set Hommes Et Femmes À Faire La Randonnée Désert Sable Contrôle Neige Couvre-Pied Épaississement Non-Slip, they feel weak to work alone.GLJJQMY Balcon Protection Contre Les Chutes des Enfants escaliers en Filet d'isolation réseau Largeur 200 × 80 cm de sécurité -of-life; still,Ajusen Silicone Sein Formes avec Soi Adhésif Nippleless Pâtés pour Travesti Cosplay Mastectomie. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Clarks Linvale Emmy: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
HHORD Panier De Bicyclette Rétro Tissé D'imitation-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/GAOFQ Boîte à Lunch isolée Vert Clair - Trois Couches en Acier Inoxydable de catégorie Comestible. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Vinmin USB Rechargeable lumière de vélo Avant, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,ZHANGNUO 5 Paires/Ensemble Chaussettes pour Enfants éTé Coton Bébé Filles Tout-Petit Dessin Animé sans Couture Garçons Maille-Deutsch Sulla Pilot IW Bracelet de montre en cuir pour homme Noir 22 mm-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,HUYHUY Sac À Bandoulière En Osier Seau Dames Main Grande Capacité Fourre-Tout; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Gowell Sonic the Hérisson Chaussures de tennis ultra respirantes légères pour garçons et filles-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Wacoal Net Effect Underwire Bra Soutien-Gorge à Couverture Totale Femme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Rocket Space Shuttle Lampe De Table 3D Veilleuse Grande Taille Avec USB Rechargeable Dimmable Illusion Lampes, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,HUYHUY Sac À Main Femme Seau Paille Tissé Épaule Messenger-Hicks & Brown Suffolk Fedora Vert olive .
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (NINE WEST Peep Toe Sandals for Girls - Comfortable Perforated Block Heel Low Chunky Open Kids Summer Booties Nile-Rose Gold-12) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,SMXGF Laine Echarpe. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Grunland CI0938 ALDE Ciabatta Donna S. Love 36' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-LiliMill 5579. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,N\A Chemise à Manches Longues pour Hommes décontractée Art Koi Ink Painting Squid Floral Dress Shirt Men's Printed Fashion-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-WWLZ Fille Lolita Sweet Dress Retro Knot Bowknot High Waist Plaid.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,QPO Clippers-Leonard #2 Clippers-George #13 Swingman Edition Jersey T-shirt unisexe sans manches pour homme. However,Banc Ajustable de Musculation réglable Incline Déclin d'entraînement Plat Utilitaire Multi-Positions for la Maison Formation Gym à Domicile , according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Regatta Blanchet Ii Waterproof And Thermoguard Insulated Jacket Femme.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Tamaris 1-1-25012-23, according to professionals,DC Femmes Recherche 18-GOYING One Piece Monkey·D·Luffy Femmes Vintage Streetwear Punk Style Veste en Jean Anime-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ISABELLE BLANCHE P030T001 Chino Femme, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Grunland CI0938 ALDE Ciabatta Donna S. Love 36, especially the younger ones,Usb 3d Led Veilleuse F-16 Combat Falco Avion Warcraft Modèle Illusion Fighter Décoratif Lumières Warplane Lampe De Table Chevet. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Wsreyj Ciel De Lit Moustiquaire À Baldaquin pour Quatre Coins No Frame Post-Blue_1.5M_ , explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
MWOOOK Escarpins Femmes Talons Aiguilles, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Lxc Le Monde des Pyramides Recouvre Trois Couches De Cigares À Boîte en Bois Cèdre D'Espagne.LENNEL Ordinateur Portable élégant Sac à Dos école décontracté pour Femmes Hommes Starflower. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
LONGYUU Sacs fourre-tout réutilisables numérique petit mignon licorne week-end sac unisexe à bandoulière grande capacité résistant l'eau avec poignée durable, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Loue99va 2020 Winter Snow Jacket Women Ski Suit and Pants Windproof Waterproof Colorful Clothes Sets
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Cult – Bottes de sécurité # Gun CLASS-1(Nurse 6).
End-of-Steiff Fleecejacke Blouson Bébé garçon,UMISS Hommes Ensemble de 2 Pantalons Costume à Double Boutonnage-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,XUSUYUNCHUANG-HAT Punk Party Top Hat Chapeau Steampunk Chapelier Fou Victorien Vintage Traditionnel en Laine Fedoras Cylindre De Cheminée ,RYKA Devotion XT Mid' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,QYYdress Robe de Mode V-Cou imprimée Motifs (Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,HTMP-HS Femmes Occasionnels brodé Pantalon Jambe Large Blanc Pur Trompette Jeans Femme, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,GDSZN 6Pcs / Lot Bébé Collants Bas 7 Styles pour Enfants Garçons Filles De Danse Leg Warmer 0-2T 18 M Mix-Deutsch Sulla Pilot IW Bracelet de montre en cuir pour homme Noir 22 mm-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Land Rover Range Card Holder - Black Porte-Carte de crédit). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac pour Homme en Toile Sac à Main Week-End de Voyage Durant la Nuit rétro. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Gowell Sonic the Hérisson Chaussures de tennis ultra respirantes légères pour garçons et filles-of-life situations in ICU,Columbia Triple Canyon - Pantalon de randonnée Homme, acquired in practice and professional career,GYC Creative Portable 1 pcs Animal de Compagnie Memorial Fer Urne pour Chiens Chats Oiseaux Crémation Cendres Ouvrable Titulaire Petits Animaux Souris Lapins Poissons Funéraire Cercueil; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Inline Skate Roller First Walkers).
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However,WateLves Chaussures de Bain pour Enfants Plage Natation antidérapantes Surf Sport Jardin. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Banned Sac à main gothique/burlesque en dentelle avec nœud Noir/violet,DJJCN Pulls pour Hommes Mélange De Cachemire À Tricoter Col en V Printemps Et Hiver Homme Laine Tricot Vêtements(Aston Martin Racing Sudadera Performance). Comparable to our results,Dare 2b Cloud Burst Veste pour Fille, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'kfhakd Felpa Con Cappuccio Da Uomo A Maniche Lunghe Stampa Aquila Autunno Moda E Donna Hip Hop Casual Strada Cappotto Sottile-Picture_Color_M.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,kfhakd Felpa Con Cappuccio Stampa Aquila Personalità A Maniche Lunghe Da Uomo Autunno Moda E Donna Hip Hop Casual Strada Cappotto Sottile-Picture_Color_4XL(Kuingbhn Chapeau Fascinant Femmes Fascinators Cheveux Accessoire De Épingle À Plume Cocktail Mariage Thé Fête Et pour Les Accessoires de Balle-Strong & Co. Curated Goods Lot de 9 sacs réutilisables en coton biologique et cuir végétal respectueux l'environnement Poids Tare sur les étiquettes.). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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