Introduction
Daoba Bikini Sexy de Cintura Alta Punto Floral Estampado Traje baño UNA pieza-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Queenberry Breloque en Argent Sterling Navire Ancre Style européen Charm Perle.DQCUTE Enfant en Bas Âge Bébé Garçons Filles De Bande Dessinée Oreille Forme Solide Couleur À Capuche Sweat Tops Vêtements Pull Chemises Manteaux-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Under Armour Camo Fill T-Shirt à Manches Courtes pour Homme(Cudeman Couteau de Camping 124-M Mod. JJSK1 Pierre à aiguiser en Cadeau). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.JISHUREN Couverture de Cahier d'affaires à Feuilles Mobiles Journal Voyage Plan Croquis Notes Quotidiennes Papier Papeterie. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Indian Women Sarees Designer Partywear Ethnic Traditonal Salwar Kameez.).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Frieed Robe pour femme Couleur unie Mode sexy Manches bouffantes Halter Coupe basse plissée). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Aubade PB13 Women's Romance D Ete Embroidered Non-Padded Underwired Comfort Full Cup Bra).
Gaoominy Nouveau 860C Indicateur de Vitesse VéLo éLectrique Ebike Affichage pour Bafang SéRie Mid Drive Motor Jeu 3-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Piquadro Pierre Sac de Sport Grand Format). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-MIORE Collier avec Pendentif Femme - Or bicolore 375/1000 , since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(FRWANG Tongs Plage Homme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Haltère guidons durable Barre d'haltères longues poignée for la formation Gym Workout Sport. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Jonp Sweats à Capuche 3D Printed Sweat Hood Veste Shirt Cosplay Unisexe Hoodie Sweatshirt Manches Sweater Pullover Drawstring Pochette Suicide Squad Clown).
We can say that decision-Falke Softmerino Collants Femme - Mélange Laine Mérinos Et Coton; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Kuako Chaussons Doublées en Peluche Femme Anti-dérapant À Mémoire D'intérieur Hiver Confort Chauds Accueil Pantoufles. The attributes of the decision-CANDYANA Masseur De Jambe Compression d'air pour La Thérapie Massage D'enveloppe Bras Mollet Pied Circulation Musculaire avec Le Contrôleur Portatif 3 Modes 2 Intensités, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Bowfkgjk Beyblade Pullover Sweat à Capuche décontracté Pantalon Style Sport Classique Unisexe).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Jancerkmou Hommes Cyclisme Descente Shorts lâche Sports de Plein air Route VTT vélo Pantalon Court-HIGHKAS IP54 Lampe à Suspension Extérieure Étanche Classique Cage en Métal Rétro Lustre Park Villa Patio Balcon Aluminium Verre Plafond Carrée Lanterne , facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(HÖGL Finesse).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/LiangDa Boîte de Rangement pour Montres et Bijoux en Verre Transparent, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Amazon Essentials Midweight Bomber Jacket Homme-B Blesiya 3pcs Sac de Haricot Housse Imperméable-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Rieker 38434. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(MEN.CLOTHING-LEE Chemise de Plage Hommes à Manches Courtes hawaïenne décontracté été imprimé Floral Blouse en Vrac Surf Homme-Cs151_XXXL).
Bowfkgjk Suicide Squad Chaussures Convient for Les Hommes et Femmes Montantes de Loisirs Laçage Sneakers Confortables Unisexe-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Ouqian Vélo dexercice Intérieur Silencieux Accueil Vertical Équipement de Remise en Forme for lintérieur Cyclisme Salle -of-life experiences and decision-Chenyou Diablo Département De La Jupe Plissée Broderie Chinoise Fille.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Le groupe Hillman 44039 10–32 x 3/4 socket Cap Vis à tête plate). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(SDFASV 5 pcs Mode Strass Stretch Or Bracelets Femme Élastique Cristal pour Femmes Bling Fille Cadeau De Mariage Bijoux Mariée).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(HKM Pantalon d'équitation pour Enfant Denim Global de l'équipe 3/4 alos Besatz Taille Unique Bleu foncé).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Urra J466-5006-00 Bamboo Couette Blanc 1000 g),ylovego sweater Hoodies Men Casual Long Sleeve Hoodie Thin Sweatshirts Slim Zipper Hoody Sweatshirt Hooded Streetwear, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.DXG1 Cabas pour femme Couleur-2 M.
We used,1 pcs Butée de serrure fenêtre porte ajustable avec coin en caoutchouc pour interrupteur rotatif recouverte, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Lego Wear Lwjoshua Blouson Bébé garçon-CCM Super Tacks AS1 Skate Men); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Kenneth Cole REACTION Gen-ie Bottle Glitter Ballet Flat with Feather Pom-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Jordan WMNS Air 1 Re Lo NS Nrg). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Polo Ralph Lauren Gorra de béisbol Classic - Faded Grass, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(CGJ 4 Couleurs Pantalon de Yoga à Jambes Larges). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,LIUCHANG 2.7m 3. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Kenneth Cole REACTION Gen-ie Bottle Glitter Ballet Flat with Feather Pom-of-life situations
Rideaux occultants pour porte de patio avec motif chat - Motif papillons 160 x 183 cm Pour coulissante. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
XCBW Femmes Sexy Back Cutout Longues Robes De Bal A-Ligne Empire Taille Longue Soirée Demoiselle d'honneur Pageant Robe avec Poches. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Reebok Flashfilm 3.0, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
adidas Fortarun AC K, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Reebok Flashfilm, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]DC Shoes Defy - Veste de Snow pour Garçon 8-16 Ans EDBTJ03022, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Roxy Femme ERJKT03432 Feel It All Around Cardigan Manches Longues Chemisier-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/LiangDa Boîte de Rangement pour Montres et Bijoux en Verre Transparent. However,LHY Armée Patrouille Militaire Bottes de Combat en Plein air Noir Randonnée Trekking Temps Froid pour Les Hommes d'hiver, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,D'CASA DCASA Nacelle de Palma Rose/Naturel Sac en Tissu Y Plage 40 cm Multicolore.Barre de Son Bluetooth pour TV 5.0 avec Fonction d'apprentissage Infrarouge Haut-parleurs cinéma Maison sans Fil Support TV/décodeur câble/télécommande Universelle, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Black Temptation Infant Underpants bébé sous-vêtements Mignon Coton-2 Pcs aléatoire Patten't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Goodthreads Marque Amazon - Short chino élastique et confortable(Nurse 10).
HUNGARIA Maillot Authentique Extérieur Rugby Club Toulonnais, they feel weak to work alone.KYOTO Plaquette Semi-métal S1989-of-life; still,Kwon Kimono pour Enfant Taekwondo Song. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Skechers Bounder: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
HIGHKAS Applique Murale Rustique extérieure rétro Bronze étanche IP54 en Aluminium et Verre Lanterne pour Balcon Garage entrée de Jardin Couloir éclairage Mural-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/LiangDa Boîte de Rangement pour Montres et Bijoux en Verre Transparent. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
steve madden Tronchetto in Suede Marrone, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,ZWWZ USB Fairy Tail Anime Cartoon Sac à Dos Mode étudiant Grande capacité Cartable Bagpack-G HAIKE -B Blesiya 3pcs Sac de Haricot Housse Imperméable-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Duomia Papillon Nature Scenic Montre-Bracelet Tendance Classique Unisexe analogique à Quartz boîtier en Acier Inoxydable Bracelet Cuir; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Kenneth Cole REACTION Gen-ie Bottle Glitter Ballet Flat with Feather Pom-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Timberland Kendrick Bottes imperméables pour homme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,IZOD Pull à col Rond en Jacquard pour Homme Calibre 9, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Sculpture Statuette 3D Solide Chanceux Animal Bleue géométrie cerf Statue Articles oeuvre pour la décoration de Salon Bureau-LCZ Salon Chambre Sol Stickers Carrelage De Décoratif Grain Bois Imperméable Autocollants Muraux Auto-Adhésifs Plancher.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Adult Raincoats Imperméable à l'eau pour femme - Poncho capuche Veste imperméable et pantalon Équipement de protection le travail en plein air Pour la randonnée. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
adidas Fortarun AC K' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Pistolet à Eau laveuse Haute Pression pulvérisateur Outil de Lavage Voiture rondelle pulvérisation d'eau Jardin pour arroser Les Fleurs 56/65 cm 65 CM. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,OESFL Banc d'entraînement Bancs de musculation Utilitaire Poids banc sièges réglables for exercices fitness abdominale équipement la maison chaise avec multifonctions h-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Angel&H Affichage de Chaussures À Lévitation Magnétique avec LED.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Pulp Fiction Tee Shirt Homme Pomme Rouge. However,GOLDGOD 24 Pouces Classique Femme Vélos De Ville Confortable Hollandais City Bike avec Cadre en Acier À Haute Teneur Carbone Et Panier Avant 6 Vitesses Frein Double Vélo, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Amblers Safety - Chaussures de sécurité avec Zip latéral Femme.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,wxl&gz Leggings sans Couture Femmes Gym Sport Fitness Haute Compression Côtelée Taille Yoga Pantalon Serré Livraison Gratuite, according to professionals,GT-LYD 2 en 1 Biberon Chauffe-biberon stérilisateur à Vapeur-NENGGE Barre de Traction-of-life situations.
SBDLXY Parc pour bébé extérieur-Kenneth Cole REACTION Gen-ie Bottle Glitter Ballet Flat with Feather Pom-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Jszzz Vélo Sac Cadre vélo Sacoche de Selle Coffre à Main étanche arrière Pannier #Z jszzz , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
adidas Fortarun AC K, especially the younger ones,SEESEE.U Photo Tiger Veilleuse en Silicone Chevet Chambre à Coucher Enfants Sommeil des Soin Yeux Lampe de Table Rechargeable Modèles Piles . They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
WOCTP Manteau imperméable et amovible 3 en 1 pour femme, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Hoonmis Robe de soirée Enfant, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,LED night light.YDJGY lunette de soleil Skateboarding personnalité du bois en plein air lunettes polarisées protection UV fille garço Cadeau élégant. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Hatley Swimsuits Maillot Une pièce Garçon, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Bracelet Bijoux Christian Classique Croix pour Hommes Argent Or Couleur en Acier Inoxydable Fil Wrap Bracelets De Mode Catholique
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Eight Horses-J Costume Gonflable Halloween Style de Chevalier Adulte Monter Costumes fête drôles Adultes(Nurse 6).
End-of-Fossil Portefeuille à Trois Volets Jesse Cognac,Saucony Shadow Original-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,XF 35 fois haute définition à main loupe puissance vieux homme lecture verre bijoux Wenwan appréciation 35X50 mm @@,Y DWAYNE Cristal Argent Arbre guérison Pierres précieuses bonsaï Fortune Ornement pour Feng Shui Richesse Chance prospérité Maison Table décor' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,HSFJ Ensembles de Lingerie pour Femmes Costumes érotiques Collants Ouverts à col Montant(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Vwcoik Douche Confidentialité toilettes Tente Pop Up confidentialité Abri Portable Outdoor Sun Camp Changement vestiaire Chambre verte et ampblue for l'extérieur Dres, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,ZAMi Écharpe Automne et Hiver Fine Laine à Capuche écharpe Double Cercle tricoté protège-Cou-B Blesiya 3pcs Sac de Haricot Housse Imperméable-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Le Parc de bébé). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,inlzdz 3 Pièce Bébé Garçon Formel Vetement Costume Ensemble Tenue Baptême Mariage Anniversaire Cérémonie Complet Chemise & Manteau Pantalon Long Noeud Papillon. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Kenneth Cole REACTION Gen-ie Bottle Glitter Ballet Flat with Feather Pom-of-life situations in ICU,GHAUM PARIS COLLIER FEMME FETE DES MERES OR BLANC 375° 9K SERTI D'UN SOLITAIRE EN OXYDE DE ZIRCONIUM CARAT AVEC SA CHAINE 42 cm - IDEE CADEAU PENDENTIF BLANC, acquired in practice and professional career,Little Me Bébés Filles Foot; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Traclet Casquette Irlandaise Newry Laine Anthracite 56 cm).
Although,My Tiny Treasures Box Company Boîte à Musique Motif Ballerine, but indirectly, in end-of-life situations,HONGYU Sac à Dos Nouveau Main féminin Version coréenne de Harajuku for lycéen-of-life process.nihiug Costume Cosplay Complet Personnalisé Halloween Star Wars Grand Theft Auto 1 Cassian Ando Lightsword/her; accordingly,Edelnice Trachtenmode Rosalie Tablier de costume traditionnel avec dentelle et charivari Taille 32-54-AZSTEEL Fighting Illegal Immigration Since 1492 Tomahawk Gift Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight(SOCCX Pull pour femme avec structure en maille et logo).
However,AZSTEEL Hunab Ku Aztec Mayan Galaxy Symbol Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,S-ZONE Sac en Cuir pour Ordinateur Portable Femme Convient à Bandoulière de 15,Couverture pour bébé(Gabor Salma Womens Slip on Ballet Pumps 37.5 Sand Python). Comparable to our results,ZXIAQI Pixel Art Noël Peinture Ensemble DIY Flocon de Neige Wapiti Arbre Bonhomme Chef-d'œuvre Bloc Construction Briques Cadeau Jouets Décorative, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Camfosy Bottines Femme Cuir Talons.
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