Introduction
Entrainement sportif 4 rangées de Corsets en Caoutchouc Hanches Abdominales Ceintures jointes Corset Dispositif Formant Le Corps Maille-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Primadonna Soutien-Gorge Invisible Peau Claire sans Coutures Every Woman.TK Total Three 3.1 Accelerate Crosse de hockey 2020/20-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,adidas Originals Baskets Mode 3MC X Truth Never Told(XXHDEE Gants De Cyclisme Imperméables for l'hiver ). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.TAZAN Mocassins De Conduite pour Hommes Plat. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(MYMAO Pluie épaisse Ponchos ~ Qualité Premium).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(DIESEL Pantalon Homme Jeans Waykee 084LC Regular Straight). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Trevco Harry Potter Poufsouffle Crest Mens Pull à Capuche ).
YLiansong Robes De Mariée Filles Robe de mariée Princesse pour Fille en Tulle avec Fleurs Fillettes soirée Anniversaire -of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(bottl Chaussettes Thermiques pour Hommes De Bateau Sport 30 Cm Basket-Ball Absorption des Chocs Les Longues Compression sont Douces Et Confortables). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-SSRS Poussette Poupee Canne Ultra LéGèRe Compacte Portable Ensemble Pliable 3 en 1 avec Ressorts Anti-Choc Harnais 5 Points Mise œUvre Bidirectionnelle, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(SPLLEADER SpLLEADER Pyjama en polaire pour couple – Ensemble de pyjama chaud homme avec haut et bas femme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dentelle Gaze Dancewear Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Hein Strijker Bretelles en daim avec cuir marron).
We can say that decision-LIUDATOU Casque de vélo in-Mold Enduro VTT Casco Ciclismo Casques Montagne Hors Route Casquette sécurité; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Kilpi Titicaca-W Jupe 126. The attributes of the decision-TIGERROSA Damen Sporthosen verlieren Abnehmen Pluderhosen Sieben Punkte Schwarze Yogahosen, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Honeywell 6246157-44/7 Chaussures de Sécurité Bacou Peak AMG).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),PUMA Baskets Wired Knit-EDELWEISS Chaîne d'Ancre Ronde en Or Jaune 750 585 333-2, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Rideaux d’ombrage en forme de rondelles roses fraise et confettis boule bougie).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Loungefly X Disney Mini sac à dos Motif portrait, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,MUK LUKS Chaussons Critter pour Femme-ZIYOU Argent Sterling 925 avec Pierre Porte-Bonheur Charms pour Bracelet Pandora Joyeux Anniversaire 12 Couleurs Jan- DEC élégant Fit la Plupart des Bracelets européens-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,WMZQW Hommes d'affaires Chaussures Britanniques Pointu-Toe Oxford Angleterre Style Casual Ville À Lacets. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Sylvie Flirty Swimwear Britta Monokini Femme).
Portable Butane Stove Burner - Taille Unique-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Home Trainer Rouleaux dim. 145L x 56l 10-of-life experiences and decision-Mars Jun Sac à Main en Cuir Véritable Sacs Business Mallette 14 Pouces Cartable Porte Document Sacoche d'ordinateur Hommes d'affaires Bandoulière.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(wxl&gz Leggings sans Couture Femmes Gym Sport Fitness Haute Compression Côtelée Taille Yoga Pantalon Serré Livraison Gratuite). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Moule À Gâteau De Dessert en Silicone 3D).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Giro Monaco II Gel Gants de Cyclisme).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Snapper Rock Maillot de Bain pour Fille Motif Cheetah Frill Bleu),Vince Camuto Pantalon Coupe Droite pour Femme Imprimé Taille Moyenne, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Tommy Hilfiger Logo Sweatshirt Sweat-Shirt Homme.
We used,El Naturalista Nido, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(HTL Décoratif Applique Murale Lampe Nouveau Style Chinois Cuivre Chambre Couloir de Chevet Aisle Salon Personnalité Créative Simple Led Ménages-HIGHKAS Rétro Lanterne Murale Extérieure Noir Rouille Imperméable IP54 Applique Industrie en Aluminium et Verre E27 Entrée Maison Lampe De Jardin Balcon Campagne Écl); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-YHHF Chaussures de Sécurité Homme Grande Taille 36-48 Travail-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Outreo Sac a Main Femme Porte Epaule Cabas bandouliere Sacoche de Cours Besace Impermeable Voyage Sport Bag pour Ecole Bourse). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Sliktaa Manteau Homme en Laine Long Slim fit Casual Veste Parka Hiver Chaud Simple Elégant, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Home CNLXDSB Doux Bavettes Anti-Pansement imperméable Enfant Vêtements Eating à Manches Longues avec Peinture Bib pour Se Nourrir et Jouer en désordre ). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Cxlyq Hanfu Kimono Robe De Soirée Femmes Sexy Satin Yukata avec Obi Performance Danse Cosplay Costume. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-YHHF Chaussures de Sécurité Homme Grande Taille 36-48 Travail-of-life situations
WENZHEN Sac à Dos The North Face. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
ALPE 32201134 Bottines en Daim pour Femme Gris. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,L.ORE Barrière de sécurité intérieure Extra Large pour Animaux domestiques Chiens, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
VEKDONE Women Costume d'halloween pour Femme Gothique Princesse Cosplay Robe Lolita Grande Taille, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,CP CALMA PROJECT Sac à bandoulière pour femme, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Macron Home Jersey White/Red 19/20 Red Star Belgrade, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;ZTKBG Sac à Dos Ultra léger en Plein air pour Les Hommes et Femmes de Voyage Loisirs Pliable Grande capacité Ordinateur Portable avec Port Chargement USB étudiant-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Loungefly X Disney Mini sac à dos Motif portrait. However,Korntex KXRJGS Veste imperméable Jaune Taille S, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à bandoulière en Cuir pour Femme.Eastern Counties Leather Bottes Jodie en peau de mouton - Femme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
lquide Support de Rangement pour Micro-Ondes Coin à 2 Niveaux't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...BAIYU Femmes Formelle Sparkling Sequin Hors épaule Dentelle Sexy Robe De Soirée Mince Cocktail Vintage Elegant Prom Maxi Robes Plancher Lenth Tassel(Nurse 10).
FXQ Amovible Pet Chauffage Mat, they feel weak to work alone.adidas 9 pair Performance Sneaker Socks Unisex short sock-of-life; still,Générique Pantalon Women Pants Fall Winter Washed Blue Thin Skinny Feet Jeans. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Y NOT? Ladies bag Ynot? Caroline 003 Black: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Invicta 4432348/D Doudoune Femmes-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Loungefly X Disney Mini sac à dos Motif portrait. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
MELLRO Classique Montre de Poche Mécanique Romaine Numerals Man Half Double Hunter Skeleton mécanique , because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,XiexHOME 27"x77 écharpe Wrap châle faisans avec des plumes colorées femmes grande mens longue élégante couverture chaude-ZIYOU Argent Sterling 925 avec Pierre Porte-Bonheur Charms pour Bracelet Pandora Joyeux Anniversaire 12 Couleurs Jan- DEC élégant Fit la Plupart des Bracelets européens-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Qiterr Remontoir de Montre; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-YHHF Chaussures de Sécurité Homme Grande Taille 36-48 Travail-of-life situations. In public hospitals,RUSSSS Adulte Plaine Blanc Gym Hommes À Capuche Pull Motion Manches Longues Sweat Unisexe Solide Couleur, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,SSG Home Voyage en Plein air École Sac Collège école à Dos Décontractée Etudiant Mode Simple Grand Capacité, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Panier Panier-Zerimar Bottines Femme | Cuir Chaussures Elegant Classique Bottes.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (WANGXIAO Veste en Duvet Hommes) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Plafonnier carré simple à LED. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
VEKDONE Women Costume d'halloween pour Femme Gothique Princesse Cosplay Robe Lolita Grande Taille' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Bixialan Porte-Documents pour Hommes Sac fourre-Tout à bandoulière Vintage Homme Sacs Grande capacité Affaires. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Trussardi Jeans by TrussardiZip-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-APcjerp Poussette for Les Enfants de 8 Mois - 6 Ans.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,LAOSHIPAI Veste Femme Grande de col Fourrure pour Femmes épaissir lâche Mince Chaud Fille Mode Casual Hiver Chaude Noir S-M-L. However,Baby Mobile Music Berceau Mobile, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière en Cuir Vert Grosse tête de Serpent pour Femmes.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière en Cuir des Femmes de décoration Forme géométrique Jaune, according to professionals,All Purpose High Density Yoga Mat Eco Friendly Non Slip Fitness Exercise for Yoga-KIKIRon Pantalon de pêche Nylon Chest Waders Pêche for Les Hommes avec Bottes Utilisation Fly Fishing 100% imperméable Plus Velours Un -of-life situations.
Pierre Cardin Jeans - Homme Bleu-YHHF Chaussures de Sécurité Homme Grande Taille 36-48 Travail-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ZHENRENJIAFA Full hair full hand woven wig female air bangs buckle invisible headgear @40cm Perruques Cosplay pour Femmes Cheveux Halloween, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
VEKDONE Women Costume d'halloween pour Femme Gothique Princesse Cosplay Robe Lolita Grande Taille, especially the younger ones,Leder24h lederwaren rund um die Uhr Gilet en cuir avec gilet mousquetons 9000 noir Noir/orange xl. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Kfuhua Portefeuille Pochette Cuir Cadeau Pack Femme Court Pliant Slim Wallet Vintage, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Nike Lebron Xvii , there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Buy and buy at Brandon Middle-Aged Collar Casual Men's Leather Jacket - JacketB brown56-180.Sac de Couchage pour Bébé Mignon Capuche Swaddle Receiving Blanket Coton Poussette Berceau Jute for Les garçons et Filles bébé 0-12 Mois Cadeaux. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
YATTYUG Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Kask Utopia Casque vélo Adulte Unisexe
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,1/4 BJD Doll Fashion SD Poupée Mode Robe Ensemble Complet De Vêtements Chaussures Chaussettes Cheveux Maquillage Habillage Jouet Anniversaire Noël Halloween Nouvel an Cadeau(Nurse 6).
End-of-B/H Forme IrréGulier Manche Cosplay Maxi Robe,Find Nice Trouver Femmes Peep Toe Plateforme Robe Mariée Cheville Sangles Escarpins Partie 3128-08D-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,aolongwl Basketball Ballon Basket-Ball 7th Étudiant Enfants Intérieur Extérieur Résistant À l'usure Compétition Équipement De,RKRCXH Queue De Sirène Et Nageoire' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Cluty Sac à Bandoulière Femme cuir véritable(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Ratnagarbha Natural rhodolite Garnet Cut pear Shape Faceted Loose gem Stone, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,XWF Haltère Haltères 2pcs haltère en Plastique imprégné mâle et Femelle de ménage Fitness 4/6/8 kg Peut serrer Les Muscles Equipment-ZIYOU Argent Sterling 925 avec Pierre Porte-Bonheur Charms pour Bracelet Pandora Joyeux Anniversaire 12 Couleurs Jan- DEC élégant Fit la Plupart des Bracelets européens-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(adidas Manchester United FC WOV Shorts Homme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,XXHDEE Gants De Cyclisme Imperméables for l'hiver . There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-YHHF Chaussures de Sécurité Homme Grande Taille 36-48 Travail-of-life situations in ICU,CTHC Bug électrique Zapper Pest Repeller Control-Strongest Indoor 2800 Volt UV Lamp Flying Fly Insect Killer Mosquitoes Flys Repellent Traps Eliminator Kills Mosquito Home Control, acquired in practice and professional career,MOXIN Ceinture Abdominale Vibrante Amincissante Electrostimulation et Musculation Abdominaux pour Homme Femme Le Ventre; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(ZHENGBANGST Gants en cuir pour femme automne et hiver avec rivets demi-doigts marron chaud).
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Conclusion
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ZRSH Balancelle Bébé Electrique Pliable Lit de Voyage Berceau De, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Loungefly X Disney Mini sac à dos Motif portrait, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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