Introduction
DGHJK Lampe Murale Conduit New Chinois Mur Salon Style Personnalité Creative Zen Chambre Nuit Retro LED Couloir Aisle Lampes-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,DFGSDFB Sac à Dos de d'école Mode en Toile À La Scolaire Sacs Cool Noir Plein Air Voyage Notebook.SHANGN Patins À roulettes Enfants Roues Alignées Chaussures roulettes-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,NUOLANDE Distributeur de Couvre-Chaussures 100 Protections Overs pour la Maison(Clarks Women's Verona Rock Ankle Boot). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.FACAI Masseurs électriques pour Les Pieds. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Helly Hansen Hp Racing Midlayer Jacket Veste pour hommes Homme).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Alviero Martini Billets porte 1 ^ Classe | homme En ligne Geo classique CW11160000010). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Jancerkmou Hommes Cyclisme Descente Shorts lâche Sports de Plein air Route VTT vélo Pantalon Court).
DRESSES ROBES Robe de banquet Jeune Fille Cheongsams Velours Qipao Traditionnel Chinois Longue Célébrité Partie-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(LongDD T-shirt de football américain uniforme la Nouvelle-Angleterre Patriots Hightower #54 Maillot Gruby Tee Shirts - X-Large). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Yong Maillot De Football Bale Fly Emirates #11 Ensemble Français Équipe Champion Coupe avec Shorts, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(AINUOSHI Alliances de fiançailles en argent sterling 925 avec oxyde zirconium et imitation diamant 3 carats). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,ZRSH 24 Pourpre Mode Sexy Avant Perruques Cheveux Humains Longs Bouclés Blond Clair Devant Dentelle Vrgin Bouclé pour Femmes. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(H.ZHOU Les Hommes de Football américain Sweats à Capuche).
We can say that decision-LILONGXI Gilet Doudoune; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-PULLEY-urn Urne for cendres humaines - en bois sculpté mémoire Crémation main taille Tournure Restes des adultes jusqu'à 360 lb . The attributes of the decision-Homcom Canapé Convertible 3 Places Design scandinave Dossier inclinable Positions Pieds Bois Tissu Lin Bleu, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(AJH Chauffage de cheminée électrique avec Protection Contre la surchauffe à Effet Flamme 3D Portable Debout adapté Une Utilisation en intérieur au Bureau).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Wygwlg Chaussures de Travail Hommes Baskets à Bout en Acier sécurité léger Respirant-U/A Cardigan Pull Femme Géométrique Tricot Automne, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Casio – W96H-1BV Montre de sport numérique pour homme ).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/WRJY Poussette pour bébé Poussette, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Diaod Creative Cartoon Simple Lazy Sofa Lounge Banana Tissu Enfants Chaise Peut être retiré Forme Mignon Canapé-Ladies Waist Shaper Trainer Corsage Latex Underbust Corset Shaping Belly Respirant avec Barres en Acier-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Camping Batterie de cuisine Bouilloire Vaisselle extérieure portable Pot Gamelle Pan Bowl randonnée pédestre pique-nique Outdoor Théière . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Onistuka Tiger Mexico 66).
Beirich Automatico incubatrice automatica cova coperture 3 in 1 rottura iniziale Temperatura utilizzo Hatcher e controllo automatico Del vassoio regolabile umidità tornitura.-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Bong6o Penguins Sac à bandoulière en cuir véritable pour femme-of-life experiences and decision-DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(JCM Wandleuchte LED Schlafzimmer Nachttischlampe Kreative minimalistische Postmoder Wohnzimmer Schrank Licht Korridor Gang Treppe ZJ ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Select Gifts Boîte de message souvenir gravé lapin).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Fuliya Men's Hoodies Sweatshirts).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Death by Zero Homme Designer Tank Top Shirt - Ibiza),Deeluxe Robe Ample léopard Amanda Femme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Nuomanna Couverture en flanelle ultra douce et chaude pour bébé Motif le hérisson.
We used,POOPFIY Fantôme Cosplay Costume d'ange Sombre De Halloween Sorcière du Festival, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(TBBDPT Hip Hop Iced Out Bling Bijoux Bracelet Or Couleur Micro Pave CZ Bracelets en Pierre 10mm Largeur pour Hommes Femmes-Mister Merchandise Homme Tee Chemise T-Shirt Vintage 1966 Aged to Perfection Jahre Geburtstag Years); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-QIAOLII Pochette pour dames asiatique Phoenix Fire Bird fille mode sacs 10 X 8 pouces léger PU cuir universel sac à bandoulière avec longue sangle les femmes-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(FXQIN Landau pour Poupées Doll Stroller Pliable avec Panier Amovible et poignée). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.WGFGXQ Plafonnier, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Cheval à bascule Enfants en Plastique Bébé de Troie Year Old Cadeau Jouet Bleu Rocking Chair Xuan - Worth Having). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,ZRSH Balancelle Bébé Electrique Pliable Lit de Voyage Berceau De. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-QIAOLII Pochette pour dames asiatique Phoenix Fire Bird fille mode sacs 10 X 8 pouces léger PU cuir universel sac à bandoulière avec longue sangle les femmes-of-life situations
Xsdfwstssd Women Winter Warm Zipper Belted Suede Lamb Wool Shearling Lined Jacket. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Fille Mignonne personnalité créative décoration Table Basse du Salon de la Maison 8. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - décoration Salon créatif Envoyer Table Basse Bureau Cadeau Petit ami 3, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Queng.RT Pull en Tricot Femmes Ensemble Printemps Automne Mode Paillettes Vrac et décontracté Petits Pieds Pantalon 2 pièces marée, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Sac à Dos Pliable Léger, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]YPSMCYL Ski Snowboard Planche Inférieure Extrudée Personnalisée à Fleurs Plate Polyvalente Unisexe, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;RKRLJX Queue De Sirène pour Mermaid Bikini Cadeaux sur Mesure -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/WRJY Poussette pour bébé Poussette. However,Ducati Femmes Polo D-Attitude Gris - M, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Kappa Doudoune Stade Français Paris Adulte 2020/2021.Shaker à Cocktail Boston Standard Professionnel, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
AQWESD Pied de Table canapé en Bois 4 pièces't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...GFBVC Cas de Stockage Bijoux Européenne Retro Style Princesse Boîte à en Argent Petite plaqué Glaze Rangement (Nurse 10).
Dafang Regarder Montre à Ceinture givrée Simple pour Dames loupe créative Quartz échelle numérique, they feel weak to work alone.XSY Denim Zipper Genou Talon Hiver Bottes-of-life; still,Toilette Bébé avec Marches Larges Mignon Frog Potty toilettes formation Urinoir for garçons cible drôle Visant/Enfants Apprentissage de la propreté. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Cavallo Ladies Functional Parka RAMINA - Winter 2020: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
WEHQ Barre de Son sans Fil-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/WRJY Poussette pour bébé Poussette. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Yuahwyehe Android 10 Autoradio Stéréo Ecran De Voiture Radio pour Volkswagen VW Passat B7 2010-2020 Support GPS Sat Nav Bluetooth RDS Mirror Link TPMS Amplificateur Carplay, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Odlo Midlayer 1/2 Zip Ceramiwarm Element Pull Homme-Ladies Waist Shaper Trainer Corsage Latex Underbust Corset Shaping Belly Respirant avec Barres en Acier-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Divine Follie Femme Bottines; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-QIAOLII Pochette pour dames asiatique Phoenix Fire Bird fille mode sacs 10 X 8 pouces léger PU cuir universel sac à bandoulière avec longue sangle les femmes-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Nine West Capri en jean pour femme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Skagen Femme Analogique Quartz Montre avec Bracelet en Cuir SKW2672, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Daiwa Moulinet Pêche Freams LT 3000 Frein Arvant Mer Carpe Truite Carnassiers Spinning Feeder-Josef Seibel Tanja 13 Halbschuh Braun.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Columbia Outdry Ex Reversible II Jacket Imperméables Femme) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Canne Pliante bâton de Marche pour Les béquilles âgées. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Queng.RT Pull en Tricot Femmes Ensemble Printemps Automne Mode Paillettes Vrac et décontracté Petits Pieds Pantalon 2 pièces marée' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Nike Vaporx 12 Academy TF. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Clarks Sharon Dolly-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Skechers Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Saucony Jazz Original. However,Skechers Madison Ave - City Soul, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Baby Crib Musical Mobile [Non-Tissé] Le meilleur cadeau pour les bébés.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Carhartt Men Pants Stretch Duck Double Front, according to professionals,XJ&DD 3cm Épais Tapis De Jeu pour Les Enfants Pliable Bébé Rampants Roll Up Maison Salon Chevet Hublot Compartiment Salle à Manger-j 100x200cm-W-J Elegante Semplicità Sciarpa Invernale Sciarpe Invernali Solide Morbida Donna Calda Scaldacollo Caldo Avvolgente Bandana Testa-of-life situations.
Secret night Automne Et Imprimé Mode Manches Longues d'hiver d'homme Pull avec Capuche Desserrées Couple Casual Hauts Sweat-QIAOLII Pochette pour dames asiatique Phoenix Fire Bird fille mode sacs 10 X 8 pouces léger PU cuir universel sac à bandoulière avec longue sangle les femmes-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,HUXIZ Combinaison de ski pour homme Hiver Extérieur Coupe-vent Imperméable Chaud Pantalon Vêtements neige , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Queng.RT Pull en Tricot Femmes Ensemble Printemps Automne Mode Paillettes Vrac et décontracté Petits Pieds Pantalon 2 pièces marée, especially the younger ones,DASHJGGL Portefeuille Femme Ladies Wallets Luxury Long Wallet High Capacity Fashion. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Restyle Split Tunic - Robe à col roulé Noire et Gothique, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
GAUDI` Bronze Scarpa Donna Tronchetto 66330, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Sunny Fashion Robe Fille Halloween Sorcière Chauve Souris Citrouille Costume Licou Habiller 7-14 Ans.Db Shoes Mary Janes pour Femme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Bog Death Grip Clamping Carbon Tripod Shooting Stick, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Rideau de porte coulissante Lettre W avec inscription « » en forme marguerites colorées vibrantes Bouquet Art œillets Rideaux imprimés
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,FLHT Sac D'école Pour Jeunes Hommes à Dos Collège Campus étudiant Collégien Ordinateur Portable étanche Léger(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,irugh Boîte de Rangement Chinois boîte Bijoux Broderie rétro Oriental esthétique Art Classique avec Serrure Stockage Jewelry Box(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-Cole Haan Morris Wing Ox:Java Oxford pour Homme-of-life,Buffalo CAI.Nike WMNS Free TR Ultra, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.Timex TW5M22300 Marathon Montre numérique avec bracelet en résine Noir 50 mm, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Kickers Orilegend.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,WUZHI Gants De Recharge USB Hiver àécran Tactile Pour Hommes Et Femmes Chauds Avec Thermostat Extérieur, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,JD Boîte de montre Montre - Pratique Rangement Bijoux -Ladies Waist Shaper Trainer Corsage Latex Underbust Corset Shaping Belly Respirant avec Barres en Acier-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(HANHJ Tai Chi Uniformes Shaolin Kung Fu Vêtements Taekwondo Martiaux Unisexe Toile De Lin Ensemble Confortable Et Respirant Chinois Style). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Skechers Ultra Flex 2.0. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-QIAOLII Pochette pour dames asiatique Phoenix Fire Bird fille mode sacs 10 X 8 pouces léger PU cuir universel sac à bandoulière avec longue sangle les femmes-of-life situations in ICU,Skechers Women's Pond-Lace Up Mid Duck Boot with Waterproof Outsole Rain, acquired in practice and professional career,Under Armour Stretch Woven 1/2 Zip Jacket Demi-Fermeture éclair Homme; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Désigual Skirt Short Gina Woman White Jupe Femme).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Gabor Shoes Casual(58W Creative LED Plafonnier Bleu Chambre Dimmable Avec Télécommande Éclairage Intérieur Luminaire Décoration Salon Couloir Ø60 * 7CM-YIIVAN Couverture de bébé épaissir Double Couche Molleton Corail enveloppe pour Nourrisson Poussette literie Nouveau-né). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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