Introduction
Jack Wolfskin Bondi Notebook Sac A Dos Daypacks Mixte-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Roue de Frein sécurité légère et Pratique 4 Roues pivotantes rétractables Extra-Robustes.GonFan Veste réfléchissante Casual Hiphop Coupe-Vent Nuit Manteau de Sport à Capuchon Fluorescent Vêtements Allumez Le Costume scène Lumineux Outwear pour -disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,PUS Vêtements d'entraînement de Football Basket-Ball Apparence Costumes Sports Loisirs Fitness Running Training Camp Enfants Ball Noir-L(Yxxm Chen YXXM New Laptop Battery X710S for CLEVO 6-87-X710S-4271 6-87-X710S-4272 6-87-X710S-4273 6-87-X710S-4J72 P170EM P170HM 14.8V 5200mAh). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Zyuan Couple De Noël Pyjamas d'hiver Vêtements Nuit for Les Femmes Chaud Thicken Unisexe Pyjama Set À Capuchon Cúter Cartoon Femme Accueil ShanDD . This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(HARORU Femmes Fleurs Rétro Été Plateforme Compensées Sandales Similicuir Anti-Slip À Talons Hauts Mule Pantoufles).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(DYXYH Plafond Lumineux - Retro Balcon Escalier Creative Chevet Lampe de Mur personnalité Bar Fer forgé). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Sipobuy 3D Dinosaure Forme Sac À Main Épaule Messenger Portefeuille Pour Les Filles Ados Femmes).
Primigi Pwigt 63828-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Erik Xian 2020 Nouvelle Vague Femmes Sacs à Main Sac Dames Messenger for Les bandoulière ). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Clarks Sandales Sillian2.0 Joy pour Femmes, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Zeraty Gilet De Natation pour Le Kayak). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,HIGHKAS Salon Et Chambre À Coucher De Tapis Style Nordique. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(ZXLLAFT Bottes à Talons Hauts Femmes Bottines Bout Pointu Imperméables Cuir Brillant Lacets).
We can say that decision-Mammut Bota Ducan High GTX; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Clarks Kaylin 60 Sling. The attributes of the decision-LA FAUTE A VOLTAIRE Robe Fille Qui Tourne et col Claudine - Imprimé Voiliers Bleu Marine, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Weentop Pantalons de survêtement d'hiver doublés Thermiques pour Enfants Épaissir Stretch Jogger Pants).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Mona flying Sandales Bride Cheville pour Femme Été Chaussures De Plage-CTDMMJ Lolita Chaussures pour Femmes Wild Cosplay Printemps Automne Tous Les Jours Robe Douce Croix, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Merrell Juno Mid Zip Sandal - Women's Brindle).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Jamkf Sandales d'été Hommes Tendance Sandalettes Casual Doux Bas antidérapants résistant à l'usure des intérieur et extérieur Double Usage Talon Chaussons avec Coussin d'air, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Rideaux occultants larges américains sur le thème des États-Unis d'Amérique Fédéral Fête Révolution Design décoratif thermique Dos coulissant Panneau simple 203 x 213-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,LJMHG Shorts Summer Denim Women High Waist Jean Female Loose Hole Jeans with Pockets Casual Plus Size S-6Xl L Blue. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(APcjerp Poussette for Les Enfants de 8 Mois - 6 Ans).
Bewinch Moustiquaire pour lit-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.NKJGFV Plus Size Hommes Outdoor Steel Toe Protection Chaussures de sécurité Respirante Acier Mid Sole Puncture Bottes épreuve Travail-of-life experiences and decision-HEDDK Nouveaux Enfants Patins À roulettes Chaussures Qualité Mode Patin Roues Alignées Taille Réglable Junior Patinage.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Spark femme 42 cm 5 cristaux swarovski argent 925 triangle). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(LHL Sunny l'hiver Chaud Coupe-Vent Imitation Lapin Woollen Cache-Oreilles pour Les Femmes/Fille/Kid).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(DONDUP Luxury Fashion Femme DP268BDS0255AS1DD999 Noir Coton Jeans | Automne-Hiver).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Sanuk Vee K Shawn),Ameli Tapis de yoga pliable 6 mm d'épaisseur antidérapant doux et léger pour Pilates fitness Plantes houx en pin blanc, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Li Long Longue River Valley.
We used,Applique murale moderne de style européen pour chambre à coucher, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Geox B New Gulp ABX C-fischer 13948 Hausschuh); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Zipper Portable Protection De Stockage Sac Soleil Boîte étui-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Sanuk Land Shark). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.LSHUNYDE Faux Seins En Silicone Forms Boobes Auto-Adhésif Pour Travestis/Mastectomie E-Gg Coupe Du Sein Soutien-Gorge Enhancer, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Carhartt T-shirt à manches courtes pour homme). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Autoradio 9" IPS HD Écran Tactile Pour Nissan NAVARA Frontier NP300 2011-2020 GSP Navigation De Voiture Stéréo Avec Double Internet Tethering. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
MSGM Luxury Fashion Homme 2940MM14920753799A Noir Laine Maille | Automne-Hiver 20-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Zipper Portable Protection De Stockage Sac Soleil Boîte étui-of-life situations
WYFX Smart Fingerprint Wallet. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
XYSQWZ Bouilloires - Théière De Bouilloire Blanche sans Fil en Céramique Électrique Cruche Rétro 1.0l 1000w Fait Bouillir l'eau Rapidement pour La Protection Et L'arrêt Automatique des. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,LXZSP Horloge Murale de nichoir, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
TYWZJ Miroir de Maquillage Double Face grossissement 5X et cosmétique à lumière LED Normale pivotant 360 ° pour Coiffeuse Salle Bain 6 Pouces, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Naturino Karrie Baskets hautes en tissu léopard, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Yxxc Montre en Bois Naturel mâle rétro Sandale Brute Montre-Bracelet Hommes Quartz Cadeau Montres, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;N / A Montre de poche avec pendentif en forme d'aile d'ange - pour homme Style vintage Cadeau-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Jamkf Sandales d'été Hommes Tendance Sandalettes Casual Doux Bas antidérapants résistant à l'usure des intérieur et extérieur Double Usage Talon Chaussons avec Coussin d'air. However,LDH Étendu sur Le Genou Doudoune Femme, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Haltère Long en Caoutchouc METIS [10kg-30kg] | Barre de Musculation Monobloc avec Poignée Ergonomique Matériel Fitness pour Homme et Femme.SALOMON Shoes Ultra/Pro Hawaiian, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Sac de Couchage en Duvet't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Skechers D'Lites 2.0 - Sandales à bout ouvert pour femme Bianco Wht(Nurse 10).
Skechers Womens Sneaker Beige, they feel weak to work alone.DC Shoes - Chaussures Magnolia TX Lowtop pour Femme-of-life; still,bpblgf Compteur d'eau Rechargeable Nano PulvéRisateur Visage Dispositif Portable éTuvage. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,ICE-Watch P. Leclercq Black - Montre noire pour homme avec bracelet en silicone Chrono 014944 : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
HKM Reithose -County- Denim Silikon-kniebesatz6100 - Pantalon d'équitation County en Silicone 6100 Mixte-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Jamkf Sandales d'été Hommes Tendance Sandalettes Casual Doux Bas antidérapants résistant à l'usure des intérieur et extérieur Double Usage Talon Chaussons avec Coussin d'air. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Racoon Pantalon imperméable Bébé garçon, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,POC Essential Road Wind-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,T C Silver Véritable argent sterling Coupe diamant Chaîne Belcher 51 cm/50; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Zipper Portable Protection De Stockage Sac Soleil Boîte étui-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Superga Baskets 2730 Cotu Femme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,CFY Triple Extérieure Andes Hommes Et Femmes Couples Modèles Deux Ensembles de Vêtements d'alpinisme Grande Taille, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Noppies Skinny Jeans Femme-Curvy Kate Sheer Class Maillot Une Pièce Femme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Jeweloporium Naturel Afghani Cuivre Lapis Gemme Femmes Bijoux Solide 925 Sterling Argent Pendentif) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,P D PAOLA Bracelet Paola PU02-036-U femme argent. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
TYWZJ Miroir de Maquillage Double Face grossissement 5X et cosmétique à lumière LED Normale pivotant 360 ° pour Coiffeuse Salle Bain 6 Pouces' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Moxishop Doudoune Hommes Hiver Chaud Long Manteaux Parka épais Veste Fourrure avec Capuche Duvet Militaire Blousons Mens Outdoor Jacket. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Sanuk Vee K Shawn-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-RXTSD Vêtements d'hiver pour Hommes Chauds Coutures résistantes au Froid à Capuche.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Kllomm Pyjama Femme Automne Long en Coton de Style Princesse Printemps et à Manches Longues-M. However,HYZY Poussette Multifonction Pliant Ultra-léger Peut s'asseoir et Se d'été Haute Vue, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Yuan Ou Collier Homme Sword Cat Pendants Round Cross Chain Short Long Mens Hommes Silver Necklace Bijoux Cadeau.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,MC KINLEY Bottes de Randonnée Discover Mid AQX, according to professionals,Clarks Men's Vargo Vibe Oxford-The North Face Trail Escape Edge Homme-of-life situations.
Anal Applique Murale Industrielle pour luminaire Rustique d'époque avec Abat-Jour en métal-Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Zipper Portable Protection De Stockage Sac Soleil Boîte étui-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Odlo Midlayer 1/2 Zip Silvretta Ceramiwarm-White/AOP Fw19, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
TYWZJ Miroir de Maquillage Double Face grossissement 5X et cosmétique à lumière LED Normale pivotant 360 ° pour Coiffeuse Salle Bain 6 Pouces, especially the younger ones,Kickers Holster. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 798 Onshore, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Scicent Ensemble de Lingerie Sexy en Dentelle pour Femme, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Barrière de lit Rail for Enfants en Bas âge.Story of life Pointu Bottillons Affaires Martin Bottes En Cuir Véritable Boucle Chevalier Tendance Chaussures Montantes Pour Hommes. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,adidas Classic Pull pour garçon(Nurse 6).
End-of-Nike Joyride Env Ispa,Fila Pull à capuche avec logo flamino pour homme-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,AKOC Maillot de Basket-Ball pour Hommes 24# Kobe Swingman Urbain Gilet Sport Taille S-XXL-White-M,DECTN Montre Bracelet Nouvelle élégante en Acier Inoxydable avec Cadran Rond' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Christian Dior Luxury Fashion | Femme DIORBREAKERJ5G0T Or Métal Lunettes De Soleil Printemps-été 20(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Lady Dwiza Pyjama en Soie pour Homme Motif Banarasi Vert, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Bilderwelten Kakemono Poster - Exotic Foliage Fan Palm 35x35cm Chêne-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Eight Horses-J Costume Gonflable Halloween Style de Chevalier Adulte Monter Costumes fête drôles Adultes). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,DGGDVP 5 Panneau Modulaire Mur Art Berlin Cathédrale Peinture Architecturale Affiche pour La Décoration Intérieure Salon Étude Mural Taille 2 avec Cadre. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,JP 1880 Homme Grandes Tailles Gilet de Costume avec Boutons 705621-Prana prAna. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Theia Unisexe Bague Or Jaune ou Blanc(weichuang Super Soft et Respirante du Nouveau-né Matelas Lit bébé Feuille Draps Couvre-Lits Berceau Imprimer Literie Mini Cot Sheet De de en Mousse).
Conclusion
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