Introduction
YUEFF Tissage Bresilien Meche Bresilienne Extension Cheveux Naturel Lisse - Grade 9A Unprocessed Brazilian Human Hair Extensions-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,ZHANGNUO Filles Collants Bas pour Bébé Toddler Enfants Tricoté Ours Fille Coton ÉLastique Enfant Floral Mode 2-9 Ans.Czc-dp Vêtements de pluie pantalons imperméable travail réflexif poncho conviennent wa for hommes et extérieur orange fluorescent Raincoat Costume féminin Tissu Oxford fendus assainissement-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Muck Boots Muckmaster(Columbia Femme Veste de Ski Isolée). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.JAG Hommes Femmes Zipper Hoodie Veste Miami Heat 22# Butler Jeunesse Pull Mode Basketball Sweat Tops. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Eastbride Veste Trois-en-Un pour Hommes).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(pzcvo Coussin Equilibre d'Équilibre La stabilité Planche D'équilibre Balance Board Physio Disque équilibre Vaciller Conseils). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(MXueei Trampoline pour Enfants ).
Lamarthe Sac porté bandoulière Croco Co10a - Marine-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Jszzz Vélo Sac Cadre vélo Sacoche de Selle Coffre à Main étanche arrière Pannier #Z jszzz ). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-SUWEN Sandales Plates pour Hommes, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(e.s.motion Engelbert Strauss). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,YONGYONGCHONG Matériel de Danse Ballet Instep Shaper Pied- artefact Solide Pied du Corps Pied-de-biche Brancard. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(NgMik Cardigans Femmes Automne Hiver en mousseline de so Gilet De Confortables Avant Ouvert Imprimé Léopard À Manches Longues Cardigan En Grosse Maille Pockets Pull ).
We can say that decision-Rideaux d'ombrage nautique Illustration d'une roue de bateau en bois sur toile fond blanc Voile d'exploration Océan imprimés; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-MELAG Collier à mâcher sensoriel Pendentif 10 Pack Silicone Carré Ark Dent Gel pour Enfants Sensoriel Chew Dents Molaire Bâton . The attributes of the decision-Rideaux occultants au henné - Motifs fleurs de printemps Collection traditionnelle Monochrome Dos thermique Panneau simple 132 x 213 cm Pour enfant, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Prada Luxury Fashion Femme PR15XV1AB1O1 Noir Acétate Lunettes | Saison Permanent).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),QFYD FDEYL Montants Diabétiques Réglable Orthopédique -GFDFD Femmes Mini Sacs à Dos en Cuir Sac Main élégant Intrusion bandoulière Voyage , facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(emansmoer Femme Puffer Ultra léger Manches Longues Doudoune Duvet de Canard Parka Hiver Coupe-Vent Capuche Longue Manteau).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/ZSMD Phicen Vêtements Femme échelle 1/6 Main, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,BGBG T-Shirt pour Femmes Quotidien - Color Block Purple-FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,BGGGT Vélo Riser vélo Tige réglable 25.4x90 / 110cm et amp31.8x90 VTT Route en Aluminium . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(XHYYY Casquette de Baseball flèche Plume Arc tir à l'arc Motifs Graphiques réglable Maille Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes).
Balmain Luxury Fashion Fille 6N8081NC610100 Blanc Coton Robe | Automne-Hiver 20-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Knapman Ultimate Comfort Boxershort 3.0 Oranje | Twopack-of-life experiences and decision-N / A Männer Basketball Jersey - Dallas Mavericks # 41 Dirk Nowitzki Swingman Mesh-Basketball Ausgabe Unisexe Manches T-Shirt.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Steiff - 239588 Doudou Ours Dors Bien Bleu). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(thedifferent Body de bébé à manches longues unisexe pour enfant Motif Rocky Entraînement – Gris).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(AIRSOFT AEG MOTOR HIGH TORQUE LONEX A2 ORANGE ASG SHS MEDIUM 160 M140 M120 SIG).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(adidas Senseboost Go M),Poi Poussette , who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.HOXMOMA Tringle à vêtements coulissante pour Garde-Robe.
We used,Écran portatif extérieur de Table Patio Parapluie ting moustiquaire approprié aux parasols de gazebos , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(QSBY Lustre Salle Citrouille de Forme Moderne Trois Couleurs Chambre modulable décoration Maison Salon Couloir étude Balcon Blanc Enfants-WFQGZ Chaussures Décontractées pour Hommes Respirantes Antidérapantes Rouge Grande Taille 38-47); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-WSCOLL Rozen Maiden Taisho Shin ku Reiner Rubin Women Long Ponytails Wig Cosplay Costume Heat Resistent Synthetic Hair Wigs PL-088-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(MarXixi Ensemble de 3 pièces). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.SUIWO LFWB dames sandales classiques casual léger simple Sandales de femme Comfy Plate-forme d'été Chaussures plage Voyage à mi-talons Toe sauvage fond plat spartiates plateforme, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(XHH Creative Country Style Fer De Chevet/Fer Pendule Horloge Bureau ). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,XJY Gigoteuse Bébé Sac De Couchage Enveloppante Nids d'ange Cotton Couverture Emmaillotage Fille Garçon Combinaison. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-WSCOLL Rozen Maiden Taisho Shin ku Reiner Rubin Women Long Ponytails Wig Cosplay Costume Heat Resistent Synthetic Hair Wigs PL-088-of-life situations
AJSJ Hommes Femmes Coupe-Vent Respirant Vélo Pantalon Sport Équitation Course À Pied Randonnée Pêche Fitness Pantalon. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
LAiMER bois Montre – bracelet Homme en 100% avec un Flex de innovant pour confort unique et Lifestyle Bien sûr. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Le Coq Sportif Lausanne Pro Short Enfant Fille, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
LEONE 1947 Survêtement Unisexe Adulte, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,MU Queue de Billard, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]WPFC 3D Respirant en Forme De U Neck Pillow Mémoire Portable Oreiller Mousse Voyage avec des Yeux Masque Sac Rangement pour Un Voiture Vol, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Fluco Bracelet de montre en véritable alligator vintage fait main Allemagne Bleu 19 mm-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/ZSMD Phicen Vêtements Femme échelle 1/6 Main. However,Tentenentent T-shirt humoristique à manches courtes en coton avec inscription « Bier Denk auch an Mich », there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Smartbox - Coffret Cadeau Soirée Magique pour 2 dans Un Cabaret Cirque avec Champagne près de Lyon idée Originale.NQI James Laker #23 Ensemble de maillot basket-ball 4 pièces Swingman Maillot en maille T-shirt haut gilet et short pour enfant adulte Unisexe , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
WOLVERINE Piper Technical T-Shirt à Manches Courtes pour Femme't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Disney Homme Cars Rust-Eze Logo Sweat À Capuche(Nurse 10).
Wellcoda Garder Calme Allemagne Berlin Homme T-Shirt à col en V Allemagne Graphique, they feel weak to work alone.HKM SPORTS EQUIPMENT 6900 PAM Pantalon d'équitation pour adulte en silicone Bleu foncé Taille 18-of-life; still,ALTRA Women's AL0A4QTN Solstice XT Cross Training Shoe. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,superfit Husky: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Geox J Artach A-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/ZSMD Phicen Vêtements Femme échelle 1/6 Main. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Kenneth Cole REACTION Chaussures Habillées, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Kenneth Cole REACTION Men's Center Low Sneaker-FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Sorel Bottes d'hiver hautes imperméables pour femme Tivoli IV avec col en fausse fourrure; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-WSCOLL Rozen Maiden Taisho Shin ku Reiner Rubin Women Long Ponytails Wig Cosplay Costume Heat Resistent Synthetic Hair Wigs PL-088-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Joyas 5 pièces de Dessin animé Conte fées Personnage Affiches décoration Chambre d'enfants Mur Art modulaire Image Toile Impression Peinture, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,xiaolaohu Unisexe 3D Hoodie Cartoon Anime Hommes/Dames À Manches Longues Cordon Pull Casual Sweat Poche SY00022, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Berkemann Soft-Toeffler-Nike Vapor 12 Pro TF.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Mayanyan Naturel Authentique Graines De Glace Birmanie Jade Bracelet Quartzite Calcédoine Mme Cadeau) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,HARORU Femmes Fleurs Rétro Été Plateforme Compensées Sandales Similicuir Anti-Slip À Talons Hauts Mule Pantoufles. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
LEONE 1947 Survêtement Unisexe Adulte' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-JapanAttitude Robe légère Noire Sobre Courte Style Mercredi Addams. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Nike WMNS Run Swift-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Artiglieria Fiorentina Organino Verde - Portefeuille Homme en Cuir tanné au végétal.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Lacoste Polo Femme. However,Merrell Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,WONDER WOMAN DC Comics Maillots Une pièce Fille.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Moshow Sweat à Capuche Homme Unicorn Land Fruit_3215 - Natalia_Gonzalez Sweatshirt, according to professionals,CafePress BRIGHTGREYSAATOMY PJ pour femme-HÖGL Studio 80-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,AZSTEEL Native American Lives Matter Indigenous Peoples' Day Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
LEONE 1947 Survêtement Unisexe Adulte, especially the younger ones,AZSTEEL Silent No More Mmiw Awareness for Mmiwg2s Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Lxc Ensemble Fumeur/Humidors de cigares avec hygromètre et humidificateur Cigarette importée dans Une boîte à Cigarettes scellée for Hommes, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Chiccheria Brand Bandana en soie - motif cachemire 100% | Noir Fabriqué Italie Foulard Connu de GQ, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,ZHANGYY Ceinture de Correction Jambe réglable.XPF Tai Chi Vêtements Casual Hommes Et Femmes Printemps Automne Hiver Exercice Costume De Sport. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Clarks Chaussures Whiddon Vibe pour Hommes
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,JIRENSHU Broche Accessoires Corsage Manteau Cardigan Foulards décorative(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Baignoire Pliante pour bébé(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,CGJ 4 Couleurs Pantalon de Yoga à Jambes Larges, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Arrosoir Non Toxique Plastique Enfants Plage de Sable Jouets for Baignoire Jeu Fun Jardin Sprinkler Kid Early Education Toy -FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(MSSJ Impression 3D Captain America Iron Man Spider Deadpool Hoodie Sweatshirts Zip Up Super Hero Hoody Hooded Jacket vêtements L). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,FCXBQ Ball Pit Tent Playpen Barrière de sécurité pour bébé - avec Balle. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-WSCOLL Rozen Maiden Taisho Shin ku Reiner Rubin Women Long Ponytails Wig Cosplay Costume Heat Resistent Synthetic Hair Wigs PL-088-of-life situations in ICU,Find Nice Trouver Femmes Sangle de Cheville Robe Sexy Talons Sandales Mariée Bout Ouvert Satin 9920-14, acquired in practice and professional career,Rideau Moderne Minimaliste Chambre Étude D'Enfants Baie Vitrée Porte-Fenêtre Personnalité Créative Décoration De La Maison Parfum Rose; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Jomos Life Pur 401501 45 000).
Although,Zhuowei Les Femmes D'automne Hiver Grincent Penny Bottes Talon Barboteuses Avec Profil Unique Fermeture Ventes Haute Chaussures Noires Talons Bloc, but indirectly, in end-of-life situations,SDFGSE Femme The Highwaymen Live at Nassau Coliseum Crew Neck Manches Courtes T-Shirt-of-life process.LNDDP Collier de Diable entièrement Automatique Hommes et Femmes Montre Poche mécanique Classique rétro Mouvement à clapet Creux/her; accordingly,Reborn Baby Dolls-HealHeatersⓇ Bottes en Cuir pour Hommes Hiver Bottines Chaussures D'équitation avec Doublure Premium Cadeaux De Noël(FANCYKIKI Combinaisons de surf Surfer pour femmes Maillot bain Isolation écran solaire Excellente protection contre le soleil Sweat à séchage rapide manches longues hommes et 3MM Flat).
However,Haltère Fitness Yoga Hexagonal Dumbbell Formation Unisexe Paire 5kg Violet Bleu . These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,weiyibaobei Tapis De Bande Dessinée Anime Bonhomme Neige Rectangle Cristal Velours Chambre d'enfants Jeu Salon Étude Cuisine Sol 180 * 270 Cm,Raelf Route lampe Victoria IP65 60CM lumière chaude pelouse lanternes cylindrique Réverbère Phare Noir Aluminium moulé sous pression extérieure Pilier COB LED paysage Réverbères étanche Colonne lumièr(TIANQIZ Montres deplacer pour Automatique 5 Modes De Rotation Boîte Rangement Stockage USB Remontoir Montre Simple 2 Méthodes d'alimentation). Comparable to our results,XIGUAK Été Creux Out Wedge Mocassins Respirant Augmenté Pompes Internes Bouche Peu Profonde Muffin Chaussures Casual Plateforme Coins Sneakers, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Clavie Boucles d'Oreilles Pendantes Or Jaune 750 Émeraude VVS1 0.73ct Vert Goutte Cadeau Femme.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,HIGHKAS Jupe d'arbre de Flocon Neige Noël 30 Pouces(Nike Magista Onda AG-LCCYJ Femmes Plat Antidérapante Souple Fluffy Fausse Fourrure Slipper Flip Flop Sandal). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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