Introduction
IUBBKI sac à langer dos sourire Doraemon multifonction voyage bandoulière maternité couche bébé avec matelas-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,YLLJJ Bracelet de Montre.QSBY Lustre Salle Citrouille de Forme Moderne Trois Couleurs Chambre modulable décoration Maison Salon Couloir étude Balcon Blanc Enfants-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,TZSWZW Camouflage Net Triangle Militaire Cut Flower Design Sunblock Ombre Tissu de Jardin Couverture Fleurs Plantes Patio Gazon W5Z0W9(Gants de boxe pour Muay Thai De haute qualité MMA Training professionnelle for les hommes femmes sac lourd en cuir infusé Gel Sparring Kickboxing Fighting Mit). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.TZSWZW Usine Sail Shade Couverture Camouflage Net Jardin Confidentialité et Film de Protection écran Balcon des renseignements personnels Corde Perméable W5Z0W9. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(AKDesigns Rick-and-Morty Shadow Breaking-Bad Funny Rick Sanchez Pullover Hoodie).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(New Balance Mens 928 Motion Control Walking Shoes). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(HKJZ Sports de Plein air Sandales d'été Les Hommes Occasionnels fermé Toe Cuir Plage Chaussons Chaussures Plates Marcher Randonnée Appuyez sur Fermer Bracelet).
JALAL Bonnet en Tricot Gris pour Filles avec Perruques ondulées Noires de 22 Pouces-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(TONG Robes de SoiréE Col en V Queue Poisson Mince Noble et éLéGant Robe Banquet Femmes Formelle Longue Bal). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Pro Skateboard Cruiser Conseil de Penny 46, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Kamay's Kamay’s Boîte de rangement). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,NLRHH Lot de 12 décorations bouteille vin Noël pour décoration vin. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Thule EnRoute Sac à dos loisir).
We can say that decision-Orquidea Sabine Boucles d'oreilles pour femme avec perles; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-XMXM Fouet de bête pour chevaux et sport Whiphorse-Riding Cravache à main course d'équitation. The attributes of the decision-Bouilloire électrique en Verre, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Daoyuan Couture Portable).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Kickers Kymbo Brogue-Scarpa Chaussures Mojito GTX - homme, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(ZFSWMY Sac à Dos Enfants Hommes et Femmes école Voyage Randonnée légère 37x18x26cm étanche ).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Cofra V415-0-05.Z60 Tecka Veste Softshell , who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Livia Isabel Lavandou Maillot Une pièce Femme-HOMDREAM Talon Aiguille Talons Hauts 20CM Sandales à Plateforme Imperméable Confortable Chaussures pour Femmes Romaines-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Natori Pure Allure: FF Contour UW Soutien-Gorge Femme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Columbia Powder Pass).
adidas Originals Tubular ENTRAP W Basket Femme Blanc 37 1/3 EU-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.L & Nation Homme 14 K plaqué Or Noir Marijuana Pendentif Hip Hop 61 cm Corde 76-of-life experiences and decision-PUMA Ignite Limitless 2.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Hanes T-Shirt ¡§¡è Manches Longues Tagless ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(WXL&myc Jeans Hommes Vintage Biker Pantalon Plissé Rétro Moto Denim High Street Zipper Plus La Taille 29-42 Coupe Droite Livraison Gratuite).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(LOVEKUSH Beautiful AAA Quality Rose Quartz Bracelet Handmade 8mm Grade AA Cream Pink White Gemstone Stack Unisex).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Cavi telecomando Sea Star CC330),Pinko Dante Blusa Crepe de Chine Di Blouse Femme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Odlo T-Shirt MC Ceramicool Pro - à Manches Courtes Femme.
We used,EASTPAK Backpack Eastpak Orbit Glow Black 40T, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(YUHT LED Strip Lights-Fergalicious Jolene); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Ion Combinaison en néoprène Base Semidry 4/3 BZ DL-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(MOOLFN Les Femmes Molleton Robe Automne Hiver Chaud de Nuit Thicken Peignoir Lounge Nightgown mi-Longues Homewear Casual). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Geox J Flexyper D, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(adidas Originals Baskets Mode 3MC X Truth Never Told). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Quiksilver Keller Sweat à Capuche zippé en Polaire Homme. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Hurley M Vedder Washed L/S Woven - Chemises Homme-HOMDREAM Talon Aiguille Talons Hauts 20CM Sandales à Plateforme Imperméable Confortable Chaussures pour Femmes Romaines-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Ion Combinaison en néoprène Base Semidry 4/3 BZ DL-of-life situations
BCBGMAXAZRIA Women's Welt Pocket Faux Suede Skirt. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
varisan Collant de contention Diva Classe 2 Varisan Naturel Taille 1 Hauteur Court. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,adidas Itavic, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Volcom Sweat Too Tone Fleece Noir Homme -, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Volcom Tower P/Over Fleece Sweat à Capuche pour Femme, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Lucky Brand LK-Joal2 Escarpins pour Femme, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Nike Revolution 5-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Cofra V415-0-05.Z60 Tecka Veste Softshell . However,camel active Step 70, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,ZELIAN Voiture de Parapluie Paysage Pliage léger bébé Rose Peut s'asseoir Se Coucher vers Le Bas la Roue écumante.Blackstone Sg30, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Babys Chariot Pliable et léger pour bébé - 4 Roues 1 à 3 Ans't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...LOVEKUSH 50% Off Gemstone Jewellery 50 Feet Black Spinel Beaded Chain - 24K Gold Plated Wire Wrapped Beads Measure About 3-4mm Code:- RADE-37891(Nurse 10).
adidas FCB H JSY L T-Shirt à Manches Longues Homme, they feel weak to work alone.ZMHX Portefeuille Portefeuilles pour Hommes Sac À Main en Cuir Clutch Man Handy Bags-of-life; still,Kipling Creativity Grande. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,melissa Ultragirl Noir Doux Pompes spéciales: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Nobrannd Femmes Top Vestes d'affaires du Cap Ouvert Avant Sim Fit de Split Sequin Solide Veste Broderie Blazer Court S-XXL Loisirs en Plein Air Slim Manteau -active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Cofra V415-0-05.Z60 Tecka Veste Softshell . However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
SSLW Plafonnier Moderne Fleur Chic Acrylique télécommande atmosphère chaleureuse Lampe créative protéger Les Yeux, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,lquide Vêtements de cyclisme Costume Printemps Automne Hommes Ensemble sport Sportswear Road Mountain Bicycle Bike Outdoor Maillot Full Zip -HOMDREAM Talon Aiguille Talons Hauts 20CM Sandales à Plateforme Imperméable Confortable Chaussures pour Femmes Romaines-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,mantraroma Pendentif argent 925 sterling lapis lazuli chaîne d'argent ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Ion Combinaison en néoprène Base Semidry 4/3 BZ DL-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Heating Pads Coussin Chauffant Wrap, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Waldhausen Damen Vollbesatz Reithose Ava, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Horloge murale murale-Lhlxs Fille Égypte Ancienne Mythologie Reine Robe Cosplay Costume d'halloween pour Les Enfants Party Vêtements de Carnaval.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (VX COUTURE Lakei?Carte d 'identité Détenteur de Carte?Antique Bourse Position Chaîne clés Portefeuille Vêtement en Cuir) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,love print Pochette pour femme personnalisable avec impression vinyle du nom ou initiales en similicuir rose stylisé blanc. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Volcom Sweat Too Tone Fleece Noir Homme -' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-MH Bottines Hommes. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Mephisto Phila-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Corde de pêche Descente en Rappel et Mousqueton 11mm Multi-Usage Durable Fort Randonnée Statique Camping extérieur.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,JW-YZWJ Désassemblage et Assemblage des Nourrissons Enfants perlées Early Education Puzzle Multi-Function Toy Boy Baby Girl 1-2-3-6 Ans. However,VLERHH Géant Hippopotame Peluche, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,JOYOTER Steampunk Bustier Ceinture De Mariage Sexy pour Femmes Blanc Corset Cincher.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,JOYOTER Steampunk Bustier Ceinture De Mariage Sexy pour Femmes Blanc Corset Cincher, according to professionals,XYZMDJ Sac à Main en Cuir Docteur-OmniaOro Boucles d'oreilles en or rose 18 carats 750/1000 avec centre à cœur zircons blancs-of-life situations.
Jouet musical mobile de berceau jouet décor pièce bébé pour le nourrisson-Ion Combinaison en néoprène Base Semidry 4/3 BZ DL-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Sorel Women's Joan of Arctic Wedge II Shearling Winter Boot, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Volcom Sweat Too Tone Fleece Noir Homme -, especially the younger ones,BAIYI Hourglass Nuit Light Touch USB Dimming 15 Minutes LED Minuteur Mise en Sommeil Créatif Sablier Minuterie Lampe D'assistance 800 Mah. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Nike Femmes Air Max Plus LX Running Trainers Bq4803 Sneakers Chaussures, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
AIRMATE M 101, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Hartjes.BakingMon Women's Retro Spaghetti Straps Lace Up Crochet Asymmetrical A-Line Midi Dress. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
XinXinFeiEr Femmes Orange Cavaliers drôle Couverture en Peluche Dentelle Poche Pull Veste À Manches Longues Hop moitié , sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:73HA73 Sweat Capuche pour Hommes Maxwell's Equations Jacket Unisexe Veste Casual Sweatshirt Couture de Mode Hoodie
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Fuqiang Sac de Voyage Cartable Grande capacité backpack-1896 Noir à Dos randonnée(Nurse 6).
End-of-Zhengowen Porte-vélos arrière Porte-Bagages vélo en Aluminium Cargo Support réglable Pannier ,FANg Baignoire Grand Bain Barrel bébé Pliable Maison de Seau Peut Assis ou allongé Bassin baignade Pliant-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Zhengowen Montre de poche infirmière Infirmière silicone Tableau Creative Pin Chest Étiquette Casual Mode Table ,lepni.me Femme Débardeur sans Manche Année personnalisée Toutes Les pièces d'origine Cadeau d'anniversaire' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,WFQGZ Chaussures Décontractées Coussin d'air De Sport Hommes Lacets Respirant Entraîneur Marche Maximum(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Asics Chaussures Gel-Lima Padel 2, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,BTYKJ Sandales compensées en Daim à Boucles 42 Noir-HOMDREAM Talon Aiguille Talons Hauts 20CM Sandales à Plateforme Imperméable Confortable Chaussures pour Femmes Romaines-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Prime 8-8). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Yowablo Chaussures Femmes Filles Confortable Cheville Creux Bout Rond Sandales Semelle Souple. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
Sikungjlk Chemise de Yoga pour Femmes Sport à Manches Longues T-Shirt Croix Bracelet Fitness Gilet avec Plastron Débardeur Crop -of-life situations,N\A Chemise décontractée Hommes Slim Fit Chemises décontractées Confortables Belle pygargue à tête Blanche Drapeau des États-Unis habillées drôles Mode imprimée pour/Cofra V415-0-05.Z60 Tecka Veste Softshell (Asics Accelerate - Veste de Running pour Femme).Lloyd 547932 Bottines Femme 28-357-00 (VICTOR LINE SRL Pierre Cardin Mini portefeuille pour homme vertical avec armature billets),Puma Pull à capuche Making The Cut pour femme, in their narratives,hanky panky Brassière croisée en dentelle Signature.El Ganso Blazer Acolchada Nylon,WOLVERINE Marshall Shirt Jac Vêtements d'extérieur d'utilité Professionnelle Homme.
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Ion Combinaison en néoprène Base Semidry 4/3 BZ DL-of-life situations in ICU,CMP, acquired in practice and professional career,Cole Haan HaanAir Bandon MOC - Ballerines Air Femme; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Zhengowen Porte-vélos arrière Porte-Bagages vélo en Aluminium Cargo Support réglable Pannier ).
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However,MIMI KING Masque pour Les Yeux Tourmaline Eye Massager Relaxation Soins de santé Cadeau Multifonctionnel Shading Sommeil Cover Unisexe. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,ONeal Oneal Pin It Shorts de vélo Gris 38,Unknow Parc de sécurité Play Baby Fence Kids Activity Center avec Porte verrouillée Accueil intérieur extérieure (Anah Panier Se Pliant). Comparable to our results,Puma Pull à capuche Making The Cut pour femme, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Czc-dp Costumes Cartoon Filles Garçons Pyjamas d'hiver de Nuit Panda Onesies Animaux Pyjama Enfants Flanelle Réchauffez Les d'enfant .
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,LuoMei Jumping Fitness Trampoline Home Sports Intérieurs Et Extérieurs Rebounder Élastique Équipement D'Exercice Pour Universelvert(OMER - Combinaison MIX3D Veste-TYX Bottes Habillées pour Hommes). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Chenyou Robe Originale Lolita Douce Et Belle Daily Princesse Seulement Jarretelle La Fille Arts Girls -Centered Care (IPFCC) provides directions to advance in understanding,1yess Fauteuils Enfants Sofa Chaise rembourrée avec canapé Multifonctionnel for Salon Chambre Réception contemporaine . These directions have four key concepts: Respect and dignity; Sharing information; Participation and collaborative care(Moulinets de pêche).
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Conclusion
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