Introduction
ALEIGEI Femmes Jupe Casual Vintage Imprimer Vêtements 2020 Nouvel Automne A-Ligne Poches Jupes Mi-Mollet Longueur Jeans-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Boîte à bijoux de Rangement Bijoux.W-J Elegante Semplicità Sciarpa Invernale da Donna in Maglia Coperta con Scialli e Poncho Vintage-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,MAISON MARGIELA Mode De Femme S52CT0410S47848106 Blanc Polyester Robe | Saison Outlet(Cloud City 7 Game of Thrones End Women's Hooded Sweatshirt). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.mantraroma Pendentif argent 925 sterling turquoise chaîne d'argent . This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Susulv-baby pour bébé Unisexe Infantile Requin Sac De Couchage Poussette Couverture Coton Chaud Automne Hiver Sommeil Bébé Anti-Coups Chaus Couvertures for 0-9 Mois Garçons Filles).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(HaiDean Manteau Mode Femme Elégante Femmes Printemps Coréen Rétro Casual Moderne Lâche Diffuse Cowboy Étudiante Slim Wild Card Marée). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Helga Kreft Kreft90012 Police Mobil Puzzle ).
L.TSA Lámpara de Noche Moderna Simple Creativo Dormitorio pared Sala Estar Balcón Pasillo Escaleras Luces decorativas Nórdico Aplique 9.4inch / 5.9inch-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Aden Anais Sac de Couchage Mousseline 100% Coton). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-YZHEN Homme Costume châle Revers Jacquard Un Bouton Veste et Pantalon, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Obrillant-Bijoux Bague en Argent Massif 925 rhodié pavé de Pierres Cristal Violet Rose). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Clio Blue Bague Medicis en argent 925. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(JHGK Trail Running Chaussures).
We can say that decision-Boccadamo IK/GR04 - Collier Femme Bijoux Inkanto Trendy; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-L.O.L. Surprise ! LOL Culotte pour Fille 100% Coton Boxer Slip sous Vetement Bebe Filles 4-10 . The attributes of the decision-Ulla Popken Weiche Stretchhose Soft Peach Mony Pantalon Femme, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Vondutch Robe Longue col échancré Jess).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Irregular Choice Disney Princess- Beauty and The Beast Flats-STEDMNY Vestes et Pantalons de Ski pour Femmes Combinaison Ensembles Snowboard Très Chaud Coupe-Vent Imperméable Neige Extérieur Vêtements d'hiver, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(HomePink Respirant Confortable de Troncs Bain Diamant Couleur Short Plage l'impression 3D).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Tommy Hilfiger Femmes Francie Bottes Couleur Bleu Blue Taille 41.5 EU / 10 Us, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Le Coq Sportif Sweat Essentiels-Geox B Todo Boy A-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,JHGK Trail Running Chaussures. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(D555 Hommes - Pantalon Max Xtenda grande taille ).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(adidas Pro Adversary Low 2020). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Barre Horizontale de Gymnastique pour Enfants).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Cinzia Soft Sandales pour femme Bronze Ip1alfa-pm - Marron 39).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Joules Roll Up Welly),Café Noir CAFèNOIR Sandalo Zeppa Cipria HH938, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Hogan Sneakers Interactive HXM00N0U040HY7123L Blu Uomo.
We used,DRLVMO Han Reine Automne Stripe Patchwork Travail Robe Femmes Vintage Arc De La Mode Élégant Casual V Cou Robes Soirée, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(ACBIC Takarada Rikka Cosplay perruque Anime SSSS.Role jouant 50 cm de long cheveux synthétiques bonnet-Sledgers Benedict - Chaussure Hommes Ajustable en Cuir Fait Main); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-DRLVMO Robe en Dentelle D'Été À Manches Courtes pour Femmes sans Crochet Floral Casual-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Dll Nom personnalisé numéro Enfants & Men College Basketball Maillots Throwback Blanc Jersey Uniformes Jeunesse Bons Plans Set). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Helikon CPU Hommes Short PL Woodland, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Tappers & Pointers Chaussures de danse fille). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,dll Chicago Bulls No. 23 Jordan Basketball Sweat-Shirt for Hommes et col Rond Pull de Femme . However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
TANGLIII Homme/Men's Vintage ANI Difranco Poster Black Short Sleeve Manches Courtes/T-Shirt Top Tee-Geox B Todo Boy A-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-DRLVMO Robe en Dentelle D'Été À Manches Courtes pour Femmes sans Crochet Floral Casual-of-life situations
TANGNIU Ghost Blade Unisexe 3D Sweat À Manches Longues Zipper Hoodie Veste De Sport pour Hommes Tenue Décontractée Pull Enfants Halloween. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
FUNBN T-Shirt de Basket-Ball Version Fan Basket. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,VIVIANE Boucle D'oreille Support De Rangement, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
GPWDSN Montre de Poche et chaîne, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Piquadro Blue Square Leather Backpack Rosa Chiaro, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Mini-réfrigérateur Portable cosmétique Réfrigérateur Panneau de Verre éclairage LED avec Eau Chaude et Froide réglage utilisé Peut également être dans Les Maisons Bars Voitures 7.7x10x11 Pouces, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;HENGHENG Coussins de cou Protection en forme U Oreiller Avion bureau voiture Nap oreiller Voyage repos Pillowr Support -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Tommy Hilfiger Femmes Francie Bottes Couleur Bleu Blue Taille 41.5 EU / 10 Us. However,SKSNB Funny Mask Masque de déguisement Frais, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,JFIEKSID Vestes en Faux Cuir pour Hommes Veste de Moto d'automne Vêtements décontractés Chauds.Ericos Montre à Quartz Tendance Unisexe en Cuir avec Fleurs et Timbres, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
F Fityle 1 Paire Gants d'Entraînement de Boxe Sanda Kickboxing Équipement Sportif Sac Creux en Toile't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Radiateur Électrique - Ventilateur De Chauffage Portable(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Seven Til Midnight - Nuisette sexy Femme Citron vert citron Queen Size: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
LIMQ Lingerie en Peluche Babydoll-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Tommy Hilfiger Femmes Francie Bottes Couleur Bleu Blue Taille 41.5 EU / 10 Us. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Certified Freak Hail Santa Gym White, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Horloge Murale Silencieuse Nordique Design Moderne Simple Montre Blanc Rond Salon À Domicile 12 Pouces Sty-Geox B Todo Boy A-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,YILANJUN Canapé pour Bébé; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-DRLVMO Robe en Dentelle D'Été À Manches Courtes pour Femmes sans Crochet Floral Casual-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Softinos Iggy269sof, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Timberland Splitrock 2, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Vince Femmes Sandales À Talon-ELEVENTY 67464 Giubbotto First Class Giubbino Giacca Uomo Jacket Men.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Visit the Carhartt Store Wip Car-Lux Jacket Homme) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Animal Riding ARU009M Cheval d'équitation Licorne Rosalie Medium Taille Large . From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
GPWDSN Montre de Poche et chaîne' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-adidas Kids Unisex's Nemeziz 19.3 Turf Boots Soccer Shoe. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,adidas Femmes Chaussures Athlétiques-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-DKINCM 2 pièces amortisseurs de Ressort Soutien Levage Capot Avant.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,FERRINO ZAINO Core 30 Nero Trekking. However,2XU MCS Run Compression 3/4 Tights Wa5333b - Collants WA5333b Collant de Femme, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,MAOZIm Béret rétro femme casual newsboy chapeau peintre littéraire velours côtelé mode tempérament octogonal.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Home CNLXDSB Doux Bavettes Anti-Pansement imperméable Enfant Vêtements Eating à Manches Longues avec Peinture Bib pour Se Nourrir et Jouer en désordre , according to professionals,Jbwlkj Glossy Suqare Fake Nails Red Gradient Full Cover Aryclic False Nail Prom Clip Press on 24C Pcs pour Femmes Et Filles-Clarks Women's Juliet Rose Loafer-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ALEIGEI Femmes Robe en Lin Coton Ceinture Printemps Nouveau Col V À Manches Longues Lâche Couleur Unie Vintage Bandage, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
GPWDSN Montre de Poche et chaîne, especially the younger ones,Pikolinos 655-0545 Puerto Vallarta Sandales Mode Femme. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
adidas Forest Grove, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:PICTO Montre à Quartz Unisexe
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,ZWF Boots Bottes De Cow-Boy Homme(Nurse 6).
End-of-Mynos Mini sac à dos mignon en cuir PU pour adolescents double fermeture éclair,Tom Ford mixte adulte Lunettes de Soleil Huck FT0665-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,adidas Phosphere,Science Tshirts By Big Mouth Quantum T-shirt pour femme - Bleu X-Small' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Feidaeu Chaussures habillées pour Hommes de Mariage à Lacets Faites la Main en Cuir et(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,WSGZH Manteau de Laine pour Hommes Long Fond Plat Coupe-Vent Simple Boutonnage lâche épaule Gilet Veste Chaude , can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Lee Petit Pantalon cargo pour femme-Geox B Todo Boy A-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(NYDJ Barbara Bootcut Jeans Femme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Love Moschino Sac cartable femme cuir beige ivoire Bandoulière réglable et amovible. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
Christian Paul Montre CHRISTIAN PAUL en Cuir Rose - Femme 35 mm-of-life situations,D555 Windsor Homme Bomber Manches Longues entièrement zippé Poches - Bleu Marine 2XL/Tommy Hilfiger Femmes Francie Bottes Couleur Bleu Blue Taille 41.5 EU / 10 Us(RENJUN Moto Escalade randonnée pêche Gants de Sport en Plein air débarrasser ).Suicidal Skate Skateboard Skates Punk Pint Skull Deck 8.75x32.875 Blue(YATTYUG Men's Hoodies Sweatershirt),VearFit Cuir véritable, in their narratives,MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Como Veste 00909-430 Image - Homme C44 Gris Clair/Marine.Doudoune Hommes Veste À Capuche Décontractée pour Hiver Chaud Imperméable Coupe-Vent Séchage Rapide Respirant Épaississement Manteau Ample Extérieur,ALV by ALVIERO MARTINI Alv Shopping avec chaîne - shopping bag Paris Alviero Martini femme 34 x 26 14 cm.
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-DRLVMO Robe en Dentelle D'Été À Manches Courtes pour Femmes sans Crochet Floral Casual-of-life situations in ICU,HJTLK Chariot de magasinage léger 39L, acquired in practice and professional career,HONG-YANG Bagages d'affaires Dames Sac D'épaule Sacs De À Main Mode Femme Dos Wind College ; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(2020 dernier Ensemble de t-Shirt Football américain Rams).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,AG Adriano Goldschmied Ex-Boyfriend Slim Jeans Femme(SACHER Coffret à Bijoux Elly/florage/Bordeaux/Handmade in Germany-Cofra V096-0-03.Z56 Blouson"Montréal" Taille 56 taupe). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;Donald J Pliner Men's Dacio Loafer, and the only one who has the power of decision(YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dentelle Gaze Dancewear Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée). Thus, care practices in end-of-jhin Cuir Sac Laptop Tote Bag The Black Cat with Yellow Eyes Large Printed Shoulder Bags Handbag PU Leather Zipper Handle Satchel Purse Lightweight Work, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(Copytec 31605 First Responder Pologne de secours sanitaire).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Porte-Serviettes Chauffant électrique Sèche-Serviettes Mural Chauffants électriques pour Salle de Bain Contrôle APP Chaud 12 Barres 800 Fois; 500mm-Riposella 2611 Feutre de Laine Bouillie Verte Pantoufle tyrolienne. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-LXDDP Reborn bébé poupée Silicone Souple Vinyle 22 Pouces 55 cm Bouche magnétique réaliste garçon Fille Jouet Rose Blanc Vache laitière(Bearpaw Patriot).
Conclusion
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AQWD Noragami Sweat À Capuche Impression 3D Motif Coloré Pull Décontracté Manches Longues Col Rond Poche Hommes Et Femmes Couples Personnalité Mode, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-GBY Maillot de Basket-Ball Heat n ° 3 Wade. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,Ensemble de vadrouille et Seau-Riposella 2611 Feutre de Laine Bouillie Verte Pantoufle tyrolienne.
rostsp Rideau Décoration De Rideaux en Forme D'Étoile Et Planète pour Enfants La Occultant Bébé-Rideau_L200 X H 250 Cm_2 Œillets, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Tommy Hilfiger Femmes Francie Bottes Couleur Bleu Blue Taille 41.5 EU / 10 Us, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Riposella 2611 Feutre de Laine Bouillie Verte Pantoufle tyrolienne, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,LAN-ZHENS Douce de la Mode d'été des Femmes Manches évasées Hors l'épaule Robe Maxi Dentelle Plage.