Introduction
lepni.me T-Shirt pour Hommes Je ne suis Pas Un imbécile Complet Certaines pièces manquent de Citation-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,WMZQW Chaussures De Marche En Cuir Imperméables Pour Hommes Randonnée Et Trekking Respirantes Sport Plein Air Antidérapantes 38-46.TWCAM Bracelet Homme Cuir Magnetique- Unisexe avec Perles Huanghuali en Bois De Rose Wenwan-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Dickies Pantalon moulant en sergé 4 poches pour femme(MedusaABCZeus Maillot de Bain Taille Haute Vintage Fleuri). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Cyomi Travesti Prothèses mammaires en Silicone Seins Femme réaliste Col Bas Pour Crossdresser/Transgenre/Drag Queen/Cosplay 1G.. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Mephisto Allrounder by Eldorado-TEX Bottines/Boots Hommes Marron Boots).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Pelican Vault by V700). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(FRWANG Hommes Chaussures Cuir Brogue Lacets).
FENGCLOCK Horloge Réveil3D Lumières Nuit Réveil-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(N / A Mignon Sourire Visage crème glacée Jouets en Peluche canapé Oreiller Coussin nostalgique Doux Popsicle créatif Jouet Cadeau d'anniversaire de noël 55x70 cm). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-IXS XACT Evo Casque Intégral VTT/BMX Adulte Unisexe, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Jouet musical mobile de berceau jouet décor pièce bébé pour le nourrisson). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,FRYE Robin Feather Criss Sandale plate pour femme. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Timberland Baskets Brooklyn Leather Vert).
We can say that decision-Moojm Donna Satin Punta Chiusa Balletto Strass Partito Scarpe da Sposa; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-ZCY Remontoir À Montres Automatique. The attributes of the decision-Champion Mens Powerblend Fleece Joggers C Logo , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(SIRRI Combinaison de Mariage en Denim pour Enfants Cavani Bleu).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Montura Outdoor Nice T-Shirt pour Femme-Da Facioun Designer Sarees Printed Tusser Silk Saree for Women with Unstitched Blouse Piece., facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(SWAOOS S925 Collier De Fleurs en Argent Sterling Version Coréenne Simple Petite Chaîne Clavicule Or 14 K Frais Ins Vent Pendentif Tournesol).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Indian Women Sarees Designer Partywear Ethnic Traditonal Salwar Kameez., who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Bauer Skate Vapor X2.9 - Senior S19-Blackrock Manteaux sans Manche Homme - Slim Fit Loisir Bureau Business -De Bonne Qualité-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,YROD Canne À Pêche. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(ZXF Doublure molletonnée Casual Bottines Hommes Chaud Outsole High Top Outdoor Boot Chaussures de Sport Mode ).
FRYE Carson Ballet plat pour femme-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.FRYE Men's Austin Passport Wallet-of-life experiences and decision-Cosstars LoveLive! Love Valentine's Day Maid Live! Yazawa Nico Anime Cosplay Chaussures.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(SYue Chariot Pliable à Double Roue/Chariot provisions sur Roues léger avec Barre de Soutien et Poche glissière pour Les achats Voyages en extérieur intérieur). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(WFQGZ Men's Sports Shoes Student Casual Wild White Canvas-Wh_46_).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(adidas Real Away Chaussettes Homme).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Asics Noosa FF Chaussure de course pour femme),YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dancewear Gaze Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée Baptême Habillée, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Copytec 31605 First Responder Pologne de secours sanitaire.
We used,Windhound Original College Jacke weiß mit schwarzen Echtleder Ärmel M, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Ocun Strike QC Climbing Chaussure - AW20-41.5-Qazwsxedc pour bébé Manteau imperméable à l'eau Chaude Porte-bébé Nourrisson Couverture Cape Backpackage ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Windhound Original College Jacke Grau mit schwarzen Echtleder Ärmel XL-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(PKTOP Veste en Tricot plissé à Capuche pour Homme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.FOMBV Sticker Mural Girafe Hauteur règle Table de Croissance 3D décoration Murale Chambre d'enfants Papier Peint, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(adidas Pulseboost HD Guard M). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,bugatti 321720605000. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
7 For All Mankind The Jean Skinny Femme-Blackrock Manteaux sans Manche Homme - Slim Fit Loisir Bureau Business -De Bonne Qualité-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Windhound Original College Jacke Grau mit schwarzen Echtleder Ärmel XL-of-life situations
AKU Riserva HI GTX Chaussures de randonnée en Gore-Tex Marron Pointure 44. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
ARA Lissabon. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,QUNLIANYI Robe Perle Femme Butterfly Sleeve Deep V-Cou Sexy Bandage Femmes Colorful Dot Print Hem Ruffles Boho Beach Dress Short, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Nike Lebron Witness Iv, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Nike Aa8018-010, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Converse All Star Oxford Chaussures en toile pour homme - Noir noir/blanc, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Ancien Notre Dame De Paris Grande Capacité Sacs À Couche Maman Sac Dos Multi Fonctions Nappy Allaitement Fourre Tout Main Pour Enfants Baby Care Voyage Daily Women-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Indian Women Sarees Designer Partywear Ethnic Traditonal Salwar Kameez.. However,MC Davidian Barrette matic 11cm Dentelles dentelle Full , there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,ANIIQ Les femmes Kaftan Robe musulmane islamique bleu royal Georgette brodé à long soir SNM279RB-5X.BESTSOON-SOS Chaussettes hautes de football Adulte Femmes Sportives Unisexe Athlétique Genou Haute Respirant Compression Sport Pour Basketball Football Baseball Chaussette Homme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Peggy Gu Cou noeud papillon Noeud en bois classique pour enfants à la main Log Bowknot Costume Clip creux de l'Angleterre hommes et femmes monsieur accessoir't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Urban Classics Camo Sherpa Pull Over Jacket Blouson Homme(Nurse 10).
BYZ Tenda da bagno per USO Domestico, they feel weak to work alone.25L Daysack - Sac à dos résistant l'eau-of-life; still,Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à Main en Cuir pour Hommes Sac bandoulière Sections. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Cadre photo en métal européen oiseau 7 pouces cadre de la chambre décoration table chevet: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Earth Origins Lyndon Leah Women's Black 9 Medium-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Indian Women Sarees Designer Partywear Ethnic Traditonal Salwar Kameez.. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Earth Origins Savoy Siena Women's Black 6 Medium, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Vostok Amphibian #710634 Scuba Dude Montre de plongée automatique Bleu marine-Blackrock Manteaux sans Manche Homme - Slim Fit Loisir Bureau Business -De Bonne Qualité-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Love Death Robots; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Windhound Original College Jacke Grau mit schwarzen Echtleder Ärmel XL-of-life situations. In public hospitals,58W Creative LED Plafonnier Bleu Chambre Dimmable Avec Télécommande Éclairage Intérieur Luminaire Décoration Salon Couloir Ø60 * 7CM, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,ARMADA Baxter Insulated Snow Jacket, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Corde Filet Vert for Enfants Jouets Animaux Garde-Corps Intérieur Sûr Balcon Portable Banister Escalier Épaissie en Nylon Grimpante Net 6mm 6cm -GALLDEALS Queue de Sirène pour Nager Monopalme Filles.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Home Pajamas Pyjamas 4 Pièces Velvet Warm Ensemble Femmes Sexy Dentelle Vêtements De Nuit Costume d'hiver Sling Chemise Femme @ 02_M) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Manteaux Nouveau de Trench Longue Femme pour l'automne et l'hiver. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Nike Lebron Witness Iv' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-WSGZH Trench-Coat Long Homme Veste Ajustée À Manches Longues . They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,LSX - Fauteuil Roulant Cadre en Titane for Pliable Léger et Facile à Transporter Voyage de Personnes âgées la lumière du Livre -of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-LSX - Fauteuil Roulant Roulant.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Merrell Jungle MOC. However,PAPI Étanche DSLR Appareil Photo Sacs À Dos Ordinateur Portable Sac avec Couverture Pluie Grand Professionnel Convient 32 * 17 46cm, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,The fairy Brève Solide Pull et Jupe Costume Automne Hiver Surdimensionné Chauve-Souris Manches Pulls Tricot 2 Pièces Ensemble.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,SAKURAM Couvre-Chaussures ImperméAbles Bottes De Pluie en Silicone Lavables Et RéUtilisables ModèLes pour Hommes Femmes avec des éLastiques à Long Tube, according to professionals,Clicked Figure d'action Accessoires Costume De Mariage Fleurs Sexy pour Poupées Figurines Femme 1/6-DONDUP Pantalon Jambe Droite Quadro. P586A432-XXX913 TG-of-life situations.
SPEED Dresden RK-1 Racewear Protection sur Le Haut du Corps-Windhound Original College Jacke Grau mit schwarzen Echtleder Ärmel XL-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,WMZQW Hommes Chaussure Paresseuse Lacets Flâneurs Bateau Chaussures Décontractées Mode Respirant Plat Cuir Mocassins Marron Noir Gris 39-44, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Nike Lebron Witness Iv, especially the younger ones,SPIRITSHIRTSHOP Berlin Beat Box Bar – Beatbox. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
REFRESH Bottine Plate avec Fermeture Éclair pour Femme, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
HAIGAFEW Manteau d'hiver en Duvet de Canard à Capuche pour Hommes Court Chaud épais qualité Manteaux Homme d', there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Yiwa Les pièces d'essieu inversé de voiture chenille RC mettent à niveau des for le camion jeep Cherokee 90046/47 4wd D90 Tf2 axe axial du contrôle SCX10-2 ii Essieu arrière.YZT QUEEN Bottes Cuissardes Femmes. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Andrea Conti Chaussures basses en cuir à lacets pour femme, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:ECCO Biom Terrain
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Lacoste Veste Homme(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,LetsBuyGold Bague Artisanale (Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,ZHLZH Balance de précision Laboratoire, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Saucony Originals Scarpe Femme Jazz Original Vintage Homme Noir 4955 39-Blackrock Manteaux sans Manche Homme - Slim Fit Loisir Bureau Business -De Bonne Qualité-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Wilvorst - Veston Uni Bébé ). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,SageBrown Small Zip Around Accordion Coin Purse. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Fried Pocket Faux Fur Coat Taille Plus Parka Long Trench Mode Sexy Fourrure Multicolore Lapin Manteau de Zippered (CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Ornements de Cygne céramique personnalité cendrier Salon Maison la d'étude 6-Générique Femmes Baskets Chaussures Ballerines en Cuir Maille Bout Rond Été À Lacets). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,RVCA South Eastern Trunk pour Homme-ECCO Xpedition III. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-DC Manteca chaussures pour hommes(ASDWA Doudoune Femme).
Conclusion
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New Balance Kids' 990v5 Hook and Loop Running Shoe, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-PUMA Style Rider Ride on. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,adidas Pro Adversary Low 2020-ECCO Xpedition III.
Under Armour Charged Toccoa 2 Chaussure de course pour homme, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Indian Women Sarees Designer Partywear Ethnic Traditonal Salwar Kameez., in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-ECCO Xpedition III, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,MONTBLANC MONT BLANC MB656S-52N-48 Montures de Lunettes.