Introduction
Artiglieria Fiorentina Organino Verde - Portefeuille Homme en Cuir tanné au végétal-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Lacoste Polo Femme.Merrell Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,WONDER WOMAN DC Comics Maillots Une pièce Fille(Mandarina Duck Hera 3.0 Portafoglio). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Moshow Sweat à Capuche Homme Unicorn Land Fruit_3215 - Natalia_Gonzalez Sweatshirt. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Craghoppers Kiwi Boulder 40).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Guess E92J32 Maillot de bain). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(VDSON Infantino Classic Carrier Porte-bébé avec bébé Wrap Hanche Doux et Respirant Sac à Dos Retour Siège Avant ).
CafePress BRIGHTGREYSAATOMY PJ pour femme-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(AJH Tabouret carré Super Doux avec Pieds en Bois entrée du Salon Petit Repose-Pieds Changement de Chaussures Banc Chaise Maquillage pour l'intérieur). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-HÖGL Studio 80, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(LXDDP Chaise Bureau Fashion Mesh). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Yaunli T-Shirt de Sport pour Hommes humidité Maillot Cyclisme à Manches Longues Respirant séchage Rapide for Cycliste VTT Veste Respirante Biker éponge. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Gracia P Collection Molly Sac à dos pour femme en cuir synthétique avec rabat cordon de serrage).
We can say that decision-AZSTEEL Native American Lives Matter Indigenous Peoples' Day Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-AZSTEEL Silent No More Mmiw Awareness for Mmiwg2s Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight. The attributes of the decision-Lxc Ensemble Fumeur/Humidors de cigares avec hygromètre et humidificateur Cigarette importée dans Une boîte à Cigarettes scellée for Hommes, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Lee Uniforms Men's Stain Resistant Relaxed Fit Flat Front Pant).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Chiccheria Brand Bandana en soie - motif cachemire 100% | Noir Fabriqué Italie Foulard Connu de GQ-ZHANGYY Ceinture de Correction Jambe réglable, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(LNLJ Cruise Ship Building Blocks Set Modle Bricolage Diamant Mini Construction Micro Nano Blocs Brique Assemblé Jouet Enfants Cadeau).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/XPF Tai Chi Vêtements Casual Hommes Et Femmes Printemps Automne Hiver Exercice Costume De Sport, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,lepni.me Manches Longues Femme T-Shirt Ma Chambre est comme Le Triangle des Bermudes-Tentenentent T-shirt humoristique à manches courtes en coton avec inscription « Bier Denk auch an Mich »-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,SUREH Nid de bébé Bassinet pour lit portable en coton biologique. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(YOLL Bébé Baignoire).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Champion Mens Powerblend Fleece Joggers C Logo ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(TMG INTERNATIONAL Textile Management Group TMG® Pantalon de Travail pour Hommes | Plusieurs Tailles 100% Coton Couvreur en Noir avec Renfort Genou Cordura Idéal Les Couvreurs et Menuisiers).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(GFBVC Short de Combat MMA Adulte Shorts d'homme Libre la Lutte Contre l'usure Muay Thai Sanda Fighting Taekwondo Sport Survêtements Noir ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(yitao Sac de dame Femme sac Petit à main haute qualité laine épaule diagonale paquet ins super cheminée),mys Sneaker Customized Adulte - Chaussures Coutume , who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Yhjkvl Hommes Gym Legging Fitness.
We used,JIRENSHU Broche Accessoires Corsage Manteau Cardigan Foulards décorative, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Skechers Ultra Flex 2.0-WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip à Lacets Outdoor Chaussures de Marche Casual); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-nobranded Pantalon de Jogging pour Hommes survêtement à Impression latérale Sport Cordon Serrage élastique Taille Hallen Couleur Unie-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Chalecos reflectantes De Ciclismo Sin Mangas A Prueba Viento Deportes Maillots VTT Bicicleta Carretera Ropa Abrigo Ciclo). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Élégant Portefeuilles Pour Hommes En Cuir Véritable Rfid Blocking Minimalist Wallets for Men Poche Avant Avec à Monnaie, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(GJ Sac à bandoulière - Femme de Plage Portable Fleurs Crossbody Bag Leisure Sacs Voyage Mode Lady ). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Cxjff Pliant PedaI Tricycle. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-nobranded Pantalon de Jogging pour Hommes survêtement à Impression latérale Sport Cordon Serrage élastique Taille Hallen Couleur Unie-of-life situations
Baignoire Pliante pour bébé. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Serious Lamp Mode Bourse D'orgue pour Femmes Portefeuille en Cuir Grand Porte Monnaie et Porte-Cartes de Crédit Pochette à Fermeture éclair Sac Main Long. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,RENJUN Moto Escalade randonnée pêche Gants de Sport en Plein air débarrasser , with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
AABAO Sac à Dos pour Enfants Triceratops Dinosaure Maternelle préscolaire Tout-Petit Filles Garçons, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Ahorn Sportswear Combinaison de loisirs courte Aloha Turtle Blanc opale vert/bleu marine, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Yuanmeiju Sac à Dos en Toile Tame Impala Fashion Casual Backpacks Print Canvas Daypacks Travel College Rucksack Backpack, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;CGJ 4 Couleurs Pantalon de Yoga à Jambes Larges-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/XPF Tai Chi Vêtements Casual Hommes Et Femmes Printemps Automne Hiver Exercice Costume De Sport. However,Arrosoir Non Toxique Plastique Enfants Plage de Sable Jouets for Baignoire Jeu Fun Jardin Sprinkler Kid Early Education Toy , there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,FCXBQ Ball Pit Tent Playpen Barrière de sécurité pour bébé - avec Balle.ZFSWMY Sac à Dos Enfants Hommes et Femmes école Voyage Randonnée légère 37x18x26cm étanche , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
HS-Zak Miller LAL Bryant # 24 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Entraînement Sportif pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pur Coton Loose Col Rond Gilet Manche Courte T-Shirt Manteau't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...WYNZYSLBD Gilet De Sécurité Haute Visibilité(Nurse 10).
MYMAO Pluie épaisse Ponchos ~ Qualité Premium, they feel weak to work alone.DODOMIAN Lot de 5 caleçons boxeurs pour hommes sous-vêtements en coton sans manches à braguette ouverte avec pochette-of-life; still,Hudson baby Long Sleeve Bodysuits. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Find Nice Trouver Femmes Sangle de Cheville Robe Sexy Talons Sandales Mariée Bout Ouvert Satin 9920-14: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Rideau Moderne Minimaliste Chambre Étude D'Enfants Baie Vitrée Porte-Fenêtre Personnalité Créative Décoration De La Maison Parfum Rose-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/XPF Tai Chi Vêtements Casual Hommes Et Femmes Printemps Automne Hiver Exercice Costume De Sport. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Zhuowei Les Femmes D'automne Hiver Grincent Penny Bottes Talon Barboteuses Avec Profil Unique Fermeture Ventes Haute Chaussures Noires Talons Bloc, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,SDFGSE Femme The Highwaymen Live at Nassau Coliseum Crew Neck Manches Courtes T-Shirt-Tentenentent T-shirt humoristique à manches courtes en coton avec inscription « Bier Denk auch an Mich »-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,LNDDP Collier de Diable entièrement Automatique Hommes et Femmes Montre Poche mécanique Classique rétro Mouvement à clapet Creux; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-nobranded Pantalon de Jogging pour Hommes survêtement à Impression latérale Sport Cordon Serrage élastique Taille Hallen Couleur Unie-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Reborn Baby Dolls, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,HealHeatersⓇ Bottes en Cuir pour Hommes Hiver Bottines Chaussures D'équitation avec Doublure Premium Cadeaux De Noël, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Haltère Fitness Yoga Hexagonal Dumbbell Formation Unisexe Paire 5kg Violet Bleu -weiyibaobei Tapis De Bande Dessinée Anime Bonhomme Neige Rectangle Cristal Velours Chambre d'enfants Jeu Salon Étude Cuisine Sol 180 * 270 Cm.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Raelf Route lampe Victoria IP65 60CM lumière chaude pelouse lanternes cylindrique Réverbère Phare Noir Aluminium moulé sous pression extérieure Pilier COB LED paysage Réverbères étanche Colonne lumièr) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Clavie Boucles d'Oreilles Pendantes Or Jaune 750 Émeraude VVS1 0.73ct Vert Goutte Cadeau Femme. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
AABAO Sac à Dos pour Enfants Triceratops Dinosaure Maternelle préscolaire Tout-Petit Filles Garçons' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-HIGHKAS Jupe d'arbre de Flocon Neige Noël 30 Pouces. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,SOOPTY Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-TOPSTEE T-shirt pour homme avec uniforme de football américain Pittsburgh Steelers #90 W.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,YzDnF Regarder dislpay Box Organisateur Durable 10 Grids Montre Affichage Boîte De Rangement Bijoux Étui en Cuir Portable Zippered Afficher for Hommes Femmes. However,Deer Original Cerf-Volant, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,FACAZ Light The Wine Diamond Decanter Set Holding Base.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Onkel Ahmet 1000 Ayar Gümüş Kazaz Püsküllü Koyu Renk Arpa Kesim Kuka Tesbih, according to professionals,EQWR Femmes Lolita perruque Kawaii Cosplay résistant à la chaleur synthétique Halloween carnaval fête filles cheveux perruques-KLGZ Chaussures de Vélo Route De pour Homme Léger Résistant à l'usure Montagne-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,XXLYY Appliques murales réglables minimalistes modernes Éclairage Lampe de travail à bras pivotant long Étude Salon Lecture Applique murale Métal E27 Lanterne chevet chambre coucher , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
AABAO Sac à Dos pour Enfants Triceratops Dinosaure Maternelle préscolaire Tout-Petit Filles Garçons, especially the younger ones,JOMA SPORT CANCHA LNFS Fluor Indoor. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
ZJIIXON Sweat-Shirt imprimé en 3D, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
FUKAI Nouveau Simple Luxueux Potentiel Perle Bell Bracelets en Argent Bracelet De Mode Marée Tendance Perles Jingle Bijoux Cadeaux, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Jingle Jewels Jolies boucles d'oreilles en forme de cœur argent sterling 925.U.S. Marines USMC-1363 Couteau de Poche pour Adulte Multicolore M. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Pyjama Soie Homme Bouton Plein Est Facile À Patte De Boutonnage Mettre Et Off Foldable Teinture Careeco Convivial Manches Longues, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Wellcoda Garder Calme Allemagne Berlin Homme T-Shirt à col en V Allemagne Graphique
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,THDB Maillot de football américain en plein air Vêtements rugby Wentz Eagles NO.11 Noir(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Unisexe Chapeau D'Hiver Bleu Couple Épaissir En Peluche Chaud Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Plein Air Extérieur Coupe-Vent Respirant Détachable Cyclisme Hommes Femmes, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,SILOLA Kits Peinture par numéros Kit à l'huile Bricolage pour Adultes Enfants Débutant Cadeaux Noël 16 X 20 Pouces - Taj Mahal Night View-Tentenentent T-shirt humoristique à manches courtes en coton avec inscription « Bier Denk auch an Mich »-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Ducomi Kigurumi Pyjamas Costumes Drôles - Pyjama Unisexe Adulte Cosplay Animal Costume Peluche Halloween et Carnaval Femme Homme Tuta Licorne). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,JALAL Couronne de blé Noël. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-nobranded Pantalon de Jogging pour Hommes survêtement à Impression latérale Sport Cordon Serrage élastique Taille Hallen Couleur Unie-of-life situations in ICU,Global Vision Lunettes de Soleil Nouvelle Attitude, acquired in practice and professional career,NIHAOA Cravate de Mode Clip Costume Joker Red Deep Blue Hommes et Blanc Motif décoratif Chasse au Sol Noeud Papillon ; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(adidas Fortarun AC K).
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Conclusion
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