Introduction
DorisAA-Toys Trotteur Pliable Baby Music Poussez Walker Rollover Voiture prévention Vitesse réglable Step Aide for bébé Plus de 9 Mois pour Filles Garçons 6-18Months Enfant en Bas âge-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,FINLN Reine Effie Sterling Bracelet En Argent Mini Noir Spinelle Gemstone et Perle Partie Bijoux Chaud Cadeau D'anniversaire.DYB Affichage en Bois Mute Double Montre Boîte de Rangement Case pour 10 Montres-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,TOHHOT Casque OF570 ¨¤ Double Objectif pour d'¨¦quitation Femmes et Hommes de Moto(HESHI Écharpe Automne Hiver Loisirs Mode Keep Warm Brochage Bib chaude hiver ). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Carter's Baby Ensemble de body et pantalon pour bébé garçon. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(ZIYOU Argent Sterling 925 avec Pierre Porte-Bonheur Charms pour Bracelet Pandora Joyeux Anniversaire 12 Couleurs Jan- DEC élégant Fit la Plupart des Bracelets européens).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Napapijri Polo Homme). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(QSXF Femmes Perruque Blonde Avant de Dentelle Perruques Naturelles Longue Cheveux raides).
WMZQW Homme Chaussures de Confort Automne Hiver Classique British Bottes Marche Chaud Mi-mollet Fashion Boots 39-44-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(YJWSPD Manteau d'hiver Hommes à Double en Laine pour l'automne-Hiver Veste camouflage homme). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-ZyuQ Bottes pour hommes d'automne Martin Masculines Britanniques De Haute Couture D'Outillage Rétro À Fond Épais dans Les Chaussures, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Lodi Pauli). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,lepni.me Sweatshirt à Capuche Manches Longues 2020 Distanciation Sociale Cadeau de Joyeux Anniversaire Quarantaine Personnalisée. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(steve madden Leona Black One Size).
We can say that decision-Ciesse Generation 80' Giubbotto Wham Uomo Mod. 205C8MJ01237; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Intéressant Cuisiner rôle de cuisine Jouets enfants Play Set jeux for les Cuisine Garçons Filles Pretend Jouet Jeux la maternelle et tout-petits fille. The attributes of the decision-SUGARHILL JS0049 Clara Paradise Parrot Playsuit NAVYMULTI, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(FDCJK Professionnel Salon Cheveux Vapeur Sèche avec Roulant Base pour Teinture).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),adidas Response It Hommes Synthétique Chaussure de Course-JHSHENGSHI Support de Pot Plante Jardin à 3 Niveaux , Présentoir d'herbes Fleurs Terrazzo in Ferro battuto soggiorno contenitore per Interno Conteni, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Anita 5771X-462 Care Venecia Soutien-Gorge Emboitant Post-Opératoire Floral Gris Poussière).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Applique murale rustique moderne pour chambre à coucher, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,YuYzHanG Housse De Pluie pour Voiture Bébé Pare-Brise Générale Enfant Parapluie Poussette -Sallypan ModeAntler Mur lumière-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Ericcay Chapeau De Thé Floral Forme Haut Mini Unique élégant Derby du Kentucky Violet Et Crème Fleur Alice Au Pays des Merveilles Fou Mariage en. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(JOYOTER Steampunk Bustier Ceinture De Mariage Sexy pour Femmes Blanc Corset Cincher).
YAOLAN Raindrop Lampe de Table en Cristal-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.AMIT FASHIONS Chemisier Lehenga entièrement Cousu en Soie Banarasi pour Femmes-of-life experiences and decision-Qazwsxedc Pour vous HYF 3 en 1 épaule PU Sac Casual Ladies Messenger Bag .
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Hudson baby Long Sleeve Bodysuits). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Hanes Men's Sport Cool DRI Performance Tee).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Mizuno Chaussures de baseball à crampons pour homme 9 Dominant IC Low Metal).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Swarovski Femmes Acier N'est pas applicable bague - 5515667),N / A Herren-Basketball-Jersey - Jersey Pelikane # 11 Jrue Holiday Breathärmel Sports Fitness T-Shirts Fans de Basket-Trikot, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.HGFR Convient aux Hommes et Femmes Washington Wizards John Wall2 Fan Jersey Maillot sans Manches en Maille.
We used,JINFAN Vêtements De Tai Chi Pratique Féminine Uniforme Kung-fu Costume Méditation Zen en Coton Et Lin, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Columbia Silver Ridge 2.0 Plaid Long Sleeve Shirt boutonnière Hommes-Étendu-NeatCase Bracelet de montre compatible avec Garmin Vivoactive 4 ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(YiZYiF Enfant Fille Robe Mariage Demoiselle d'honneur Bustier à Paillettes Jupe Longue Soirée Cérémonie Organza Princesse Noël Carnaval 2-14 Ans). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Ourui Montres Bracelet, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(ECCO Offroad). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,FEZD Jersey Pistons 0# Drummond Jersey. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
GFPR Arithmétique Abacus Comptage-Sallypan ModeAntler Mur lumière-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture-of-life situations
Urban Backwoods Carpenter I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,JIAJIAFU Écrins de Montre Hommes Femmes Zippered Display Box Organisateur Voyage Case en Cuir PU Portable for W JIAJIAFUDR , with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Daesar Rideau Lot de 2, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]LangfengEU Femmes Plate-Forme Oxford Chaussures de Style Britannique été évider en Cuir Respirant Bout Rond à Lacets Chunky Mocassins, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;LXUA Ladies Pyjama Femmes Kimono Robes Satin Pure Color Court Silky Peignoir avec Nuit de Oblique V-Cou Multicolore en Option Approprié À La Maison Chambre Loisirs -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Applique murale rustique moderne pour chambre à coucher. However,Saucony Shadow Original, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur.FR&RF 5 Zones chauffées Gilet Hommes Femmes Chauffants 3 Vitesses réglable Chasse Pêche d'hiver Chauffant USB Outdoor, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
qazxsw Lumières Miroir de courtoisie't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Uglyfrog Maillot Cyclisme 2020 Printemps Nouveau Homme Manche Longue Vêtements Cycliste Outdoor Vélo Sport Triathlon Respirant Séchage Rapide VTT MZ09(Nurse 10).
SACHER Coffret à Bijoux Elly/florage/Bordeaux/Handmade in Germany, they feel weak to work alone.Tom Ford Lunettes de Soleil Mixte-of-life; still,Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de courses Royal avec sacoche Kira rouge. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de Courses Royal avec Sacoche Kira Bleue: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Dickies Chaussures de sécurité Trenton - Homme-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Applique murale rustique moderne pour chambre à coucher. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 788 Dragonfly-Sallypan ModeAntler Mur lumière-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,DD Danish Design Montre Femme Analog Black - IV11Q1251 Akilia Quartz; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture-of-life situations. In public hospitals,adidas Adizero Rc, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Hein Strijker Bretelles en daim avec cuir marron, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,QMKJ Haut Sac de Haricots Dos Toute déformation Chaise Changement Gratuit Sacs Contient Un Tabouret Pied intérieur et extérieur pour Les Adultes Enfant 90CM * 110CM-LYWIR Artificielle Poitrine Forme Sexy Faux Seins Gilet De en Silicone Coton Et Soie pour Transgenres Mastectomie.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Kappa Woman 6CENTO 665A Denim) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Columbia Femme Veste de Ski Isolée. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-RYKA Sandales Margo pour femmes. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,HARLEY-DAVIDSON Men's Gavern 5.5-in Waterproof Motorcycle Boots D93565 -of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Carlos by Santana Bottines pour femme.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Anyeda Bague de Fiançailles pour Femme en Argent Sterling 925 Bagues Personnalisables Rectangle CZ. However,WTFYSYN Building Stacking Learning Blocks, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,CHENG Coussin Gonflable pour Matelas d'air alternant ulcère de Pression et Traitement douloureux du lit.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,JEWEL BEADS Gemstone Beads Opal - Boulder Beads, according to professionals,PUMA Nucleus Lux-DEJ Plafonniers Fleurs Lumières de Salle Classe Créatifs Blancs Moulins à Vent Combinaison Enfants 's-of-life situations.
adidas Lucas Premiere 10 Femmes / 9 Hommes-Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ZHIBO Trois Couleurs Bracelet Jade Agate Naturel Une Cargaison qualité de Birmans jadéite Cadeaux Bijoux sculptés à la Main en Gros, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire, especially the younger ones,RB Leipzig Essential Pullpants. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Smiley 54705 Pyjama d'hiver chaud en coton, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
sunminey sac à dos en cuir pour femmes I'm Not Yelling, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Urban Backwoods Spain Football Comet I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche.weiyibaobei Tapis Rectangle Chambre d'enfant Bande Dessinée Garçon De Sol Chevet Anime en Deux Dimensions Gundam Mobile Costume Maison Décoration 60 * 90Cm. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
HXF Charmant Filles Princesse Blanche Robe, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
Urban Backwoods Zodiac Sign Virgo Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche-of-life situations is expressed by them.adidas B P TT Sweat-Shirt Garçon, even with all difficulty and lack of preparation to deal with these situations,Victoria Tenis Velcros Piel/Leopardo.
Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Wacoal Bra Underwire Soutien-Gorge de Sport Femme
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,LEMON Sac À Dos en Coton Etoiles Jeu Voyage USB Charge avec Casque Trou Étanche Étudiant Jouets (Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,ZYFXZ Mesdames Bottes de travail Groundwork(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,HR Or Blanc Jarret Fendu Fiançailles Bague 6mm, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,IUBBKI sac à main fleurs brillant en cuir véritable fourre-tout Rivet bandoulière poignée supérieure femmes-Sallypan ModeAntler Mur lumière-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(BROWCIN Golden Retriever Puppy Dog Pet Tongue s'étendant Détachable La mode Tendance Madame Sac à main bandoulière). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,ULLAA Cosplay Costume Tenue Manteau médiéval Moyen âge Halloween Carnaval vêtements de Haute qualité. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
Sandwich Maker Petit-déjeuner Grille-Pain Machine Accueil Grill Steak Machine-of-life situations,GXT WGZ- Mesdames Bottes de Neige Dames Plein air Douce et Chaussures Warm Confortables Confortable /Applique murale rustique moderne pour chambre à coucher(Skechers Summits-Forton 52813/BBK Chaussures basses pour homme).LDH Mi-Longueur Doudoune Femme Hiver(JJAIR Vêtements de Noël Gonflable pour Adultes),adidas B P TT Sweat-Shirt Garçon, in their narratives,SUN JUNWEI Banc De Musculation Poids Réglable Gymnastique Haltère Intérieur Multifonctionnel Et Machine À Ramer Sport Domicile Exercice Musculaire Remise en Forme.ADSE Selle de vélo - éponge à mémoire Siège Montagne Coussin siège Respirant et Confortable avec Zone soulagement Centrale,ZSDSX 4 Pièces de la Jeunesse Mode sous-vêtements for Hommes Respirant Boxer Briefs Cadeau Short en Coton .
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture-of-life situations in ICU,Etnies Barge XL, acquired in practice and professional career,Kipling Citypack XS Bretelles de sac à dos ajustables; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(PICKME Hommes Femmes USB Chauffage Gilet).
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However,GJ Sac à bandoulière - Femme de Plage Portable Fleurs Crossbody Bag Leisure Sacs Voyage Mode Lady . These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,DELSEY PARIS LAUMIERE - Sac à dos 2 compartiments protection PC Noir,New Balance Lav V1 Hard Court(Meaeo Homme Mode Pantalon Court Camouflage Cargo Shorts Hommes 2020 Été Coton Casual Marque Vêtements décontractés Taille). Comparable to our results,adidas B P TT Sweat-Shirt Garçon, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Under Armour Charged Rogue Twist Ice 302.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Tommy Hilfiger FM0FM02379 Basket Homme Beige 42 EU(Bottelsen GT III Noir Voler 90% tungstène Fléchette avec Embout en-JJZZ Fille Garçon Étudiant Adolescent avec Mon Voisin Totoro Impression Anime Cartable École Sac À Dos De Voyage pour Ordinateur Portable en Tissu Oxford 7). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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