Introduction
Jouailla Bracelet motif ovale en argent 925/1000e rhodié oxydes de zirconium-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,LUGINA SCHUHFABRIK GMBH 763001-200/032 Vivien Taille 6.Albert Lindsay Rideaux occultants larges et pour bureau Motif Paris Street View Avenue Boulevard Panoramique Nuit Ciel Centre-ville Panneaux Imprimés Panneau simple 160 x cm-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,RUIRUIY Tapis Mousse Enfant EVA Verrouillage De Yoga Sport Salle Fitness Matelassée Grain Bois(LJYNB Pull en Tricot pour Femme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.HXiaDyG Combinaison De Surf pour Homme Hommes » 3 mm monopièce Wetsuit Super Stretch Surfsuit Haut de Gamme étanche plongée Néoprène . This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Funny Baby 1 Carton Soin Total a l'huile d'amande).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(DTNSYRF Joker épaississement des Cheveux épais). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(adidas Deerupt Runner).
New Rock Unisexe 272-S1 Noir Métallique Réacteur Gothique Genou Haute Cuir Zip Boucle Bottes-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Nike Free 5.0 Tr Fit MTLC Sport Entraîneur Chaussures). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Luxogo Rotatif Unisexe Noir Sweat-Shirt Homme Femme Unisex Black Jumper Men's Women's, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Forrest Gump bubba gump schrimps hutkappe rouge). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,DDZKA Couvercle de clé Voiture Les clefs en Cuir Haute qualité Couvrent 4 Boutons pour Mazda 3/6 / MX-5 Miata . Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Chandria's Treasures Fleur de Lotus Infinity Lariat Collier plaqué Argent – Vente Firecracker).
We can say that decision-Falke TK 1 Chaussettes randonnée homme; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-FCXBQ Porte de Chien Durable Extra Haute pour Portes Maison. The attributes of the decision-RJBTS shoes Chaussures bts Kpop BTS Haut-top à lacets en toile Hip-hop Noir Fashion Star Scène Portrait Avec Mignon Membre Cartoon - A.R.M.Y Hot cadeau , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Atlantic Stars F6130 Sneaker Donna Powder Pink/Black ALHENA Scarpe Shoe Woman).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Traducteur Instantané-Shouda Femmes Bottines Simple Mode Chaussettes Extensibles Bottes Automne Hiver Bout Pointu Bureau carrière sans Lacet Talons Hauts carrés, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Yamyannie Pantalons pour Homme Hommes Vintage Impression Ethnique Narrow-Pattes Pantalon en Vrac Harem D'été ).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/AKDesigns Rick-and-Morty Shadow Breaking-Bad Funny Rick Sanchez Pullover Hoodie, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,SoonerQuicker Les Femmes Gardent Chaussures au Chaud en Cuir Bottes à glissière Tube Moyen Bout Rond Bleu Plat Haut Sexy compensé Aiguille Carre carré 8cm Marron Noire-Csqw Sweats À Capuche Hatsune Miku Sweat Unisexe Impression 3D Pull Anime Cosplay Deux Poches-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Siennaa Pull Billie Eilish Femme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(AlokHnvj Banbag Simple De Canapé Paresseux).
Diminutive Lemon Sac À Bandoulière pour Dames De Texture All-Match-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Dolce & Gabbana Denim Jeans-of-life experiences and decision-HEJX Pantalon d'entraînement de Basket-Ball Raptors Leonard.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(KLIM K Corp Sweat à capuche SM Noir - Jaune). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Housses de Couette Ensemble Housse Monument Valley Utah USA literie décoratif 3 pièces avec 2 Couvre-oreillers Double).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Générique Déguisement Zombie chercheur nucléaire Homme Halloween - Large).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(G&F Hommes Gynécomastie Gilet Contrôle Ventre Body Shaper avec Ceinture Hauts Shorts 2 Pièces ),E-Girl s9969 Robe de Soie Grande Taille Cocktail Knee-Long sans Manche Femme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Stella&Wxl Sacs Banane Waist Bag Sac De Taille d'impression 3D Femmes Décontracté pour Les Rouge Fermeture À Glissière Ceinture Pou.
We used,New Women Plus Size Swimwear One Piece Swimsuit Swim Swimming Suit Larges Floral Beachwear Bathing, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Square Enix Figurine 'Super Street Fighter IV - Sakura-Zoueroih Robe de Soirée Fille Filles d'été sans Manches Maille Tulle Princesse Robes Pageant nœud Papillon Dentelle Glands Longues soirée Mariage ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-RONGXIE Nouveau Populaire Mode Casual Femmes Chaussures De Toile Graffiti Vulcanize Respirant Mignonnes Baskets Blanches-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Bojack Horseman). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.LXDDP Chaise Bureau Fashion Mesh, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Hexagona Sacoche en cuir de vachette RÉPUBLIQUE). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,AZSTEEL Irish Cat Leprechaun I'm Feline Lucky Shamrock Sunglasses Tank Top | Plus Size Tops for Men and Women Casual Summer. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-RONGXIE Nouveau Populaire Mode Casual Femmes Chaussures De Toile Graffiti Vulcanize Respirant Mignonnes Baskets Blanches-of-life situations
Amtier Anneaux en Acier Inoxydable pour Couple Alliances de Mariage Bague Homme Femme 5mm avec Boîte-Cadeau. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
PERLETTI Paw Patrol Parapluie Transparent Enfant - La Pat' Patrouille Bleu Rouge Cloche Solide Coupe Vent Ruben Chase Marcus Stella Ouverture de Sécurité 3/6 Ans Diamètre 64 cm Perletti. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,YipGrace Femmes Épaule Messenger Bag Portefeuille Cinq Pieces Ensembles, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
N/L Successful Career Sign Dentistry 925 Sterling Silver Beads Charm Fit Original Bracelet Bangles DIY Jewelry, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,HuangYongHongPODFPO Trousse de Maquillage, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Kru Maillots de Basket-Ball pour Hommes et Femmes, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;KTDT Cercle latéral Japonais Creux Deux épées Peuvent Tourner rétro SOA Montre de Poche Creuse Grande pour Hommes Vintage -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/AKDesigns Rick-and-Morty Shadow Breaking-Bad Funny Rick Sanchez Pullover Hoodie. However,VIEUR Modèle de Dents Typodont, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,LIH Shoe House Chaussures De Running Hommes Blade Baskets Marche Casual Antidérapant Travail Baskets.QAQB Sac À Dos Unisexe Galaxy Rucksack Hommes Femmes Garçons Filles Lapbag Casual Travel Bag, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
GJBXP Ao no Blue Exorcist Okumura Rin bleu court cheveux résistants à la chaleur Perucas Cosplay Costume perruque bonnet de comme l'image't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...GJBXP Kamisama amour baiser Momozono Nanami femmes perruque Cosplay Costume Hajimemashita résistant à la chaleur synthétique cheveux fête perruques(Nurse 10).
ACCEY 3D stéréo haut de gamme européen bleu chambre papier peint américain rétro luxe salon TV fond ménage A1917, they feel weak to work alone.VBGBV Entraîneur De Taille Fishion Vêtements D'Extérieur Corset Sexy Gothic Underbust Shaper Cincher Bustiers Top Workout Shape Body Belt-of-life; still,Pangdingk Costume Gonflable d'halloween de Forme Unique. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Sculpture Statuette Iron Retro Music Band Figurine (Sit ) Tribe Style Métal Tambour Figurine Oeuvre pour la décoration de Salon Bureau: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
DIY fun shop Mostera Pattern - Sac à bandoulière en Cuir pour Femmes de Conception Tropicale-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/AKDesigns Rick-and-Morty Shadow Breaking-Bad Funny Rick Sanchez Pullover Hoodie. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
JXILY Hommes Chaussures RandonnéE Femmes Mode Classique Sports Plein Air Bottes d'escalade De Montagne RéSistant à l'usure Chaussures, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Pleine Dentelle Faite à la Main Topper Curly Hair Piece Clip dans Une Frange de Base Mono PU-Csqw Sweats À Capuche Hatsune Miku Sweat Unisexe Impression 3D Pull Anime Cosplay Deux Poches-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,GaoYunQin Parc Bébé pour Bébé; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-RONGXIE Nouveau Populaire Mode Casual Femmes Chaussures De Toile Graffiti Vulcanize Respirant Mignonnes Baskets Blanches-of-life situations. In public hospitals,ZYFXZ Hommes de sécurité Chaussures Femmes Travail à la Mode Casual Camouflage Volant Tissé Boeuf Tendon Bas léger Protection Industrielle Bottes, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,ZYFXZ Steel Toe Cap Chaussures de travail à haute température résistant sécurité en cuir daim, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,WDDLD LumièRe CréAtive De MéDuse-BHC Femmes Mode Bottes Talon Hauts Talons Moyen.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Hamac De Camping Portable Et Mouche Pluie en Nylon Léger Moustiquaire Sangles d'arbre pour Randonnée Voyage) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,62400008 - TÉ DE FOURCHE ROCS TECH BLEU OFFSET 22MM. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
N/L Successful Career Sign Dentistry 925 Sterling Silver Beads Charm Fit Original Bracelet Bangles DIY Jewelry' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-hasakii Tie Dye Dabbing Pug Throw Couvertures pour Lounge Couch Lecture en regardant la télévision - 40 'x 50'. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,LIU-JO Cappotto in misto lana Donna cod.CF008T2403-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Lumière de nuit capteur intelligent corps humain.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,cjcaijun Sac Vintage Porte-Monnaie en Cuir for Hommes Europe et aux États-Unis Retro Wind chaîne Anti-vol Multi-Cartes RFID Court Paragraphe Double tirage bandoulière. However,Meet World Sac De Boxe Lourd, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Aircast® PodaLib® Attelle releveur de pied .
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,QAQB Sac À Dos Décontracté Jeu De Dessin Animé Adolescent Étudiant D'École USB Loisirs Masculin Et Féminin -09_16 Pouces, according to professionals,WSJDE Natsuki Subaru Cosplay Manteau pantalon Re: Zero Start Life in Another World Déguisement Halloween Costumes XL-Tai Chi Vêtements Coton et Lin Femme Plus Velours Yoga vêtements de Pratique Performance d'arts Martiaux Style Chinois-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,CNAJOI-TDFY Lampe Frontale de vélo LED, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
N/L Successful Career Sign Dentistry 925 Sterling Silver Beads Charm Fit Original Bracelet Bangles DIY Jewelry, especially the younger ones,Vintage 1995 26th Birthday Gift 26 Years Old Men Women Retro Sweat à Capuche. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Sac de Selle vélo étanche Portable siège d'eau Bouteille Queue équipement arrière, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
N\A 15 Pouces poignée Flottant Ski Nautique Wakeboard Kneeboard Corde for Boating 3 Section Base Haute qualité, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,AZSTEEL We'all Need Jesus Christian Bible Gospel Shirt John 3:16.Nunn Bush 84777-215. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
ROUNDER 3 Paires de Chaussettes pour Dames Printemps et d'automne, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,AEH Veste À Capuche pour Homme Sweater- Imprimer Casual Hiver Chaud Zip Brochage Manches Pullover(Nurse 6).
End-of-KIUYMRV Sac à Main Rond en PVC Transparent pour Femme avec chaîne Or Blanc,Ouuager-Home Conseil Tactique des entraîneurs Stratégie entraîneur Plan d'Match et de Formation Aide Équipement -centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Adult Raincoats Imperméable réfléchissant,Dockers Long Sleeve Button Front Comfort Flex Shirt Chemise à Bouton Bas Homme' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Papillio Daytona(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,New Balance Wj91524 Pull à Capuche Femme, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Close Parent Caboo Porte-bébé Coton bleu clair-Csqw Sweats À Capuche Hatsune Miku Sweat Unisexe Impression 3D Pull Anime Cosplay Deux Poches-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Jiger Women Small Cell Phone Purse Crossbody). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,LXJ-CQ Oreiller de Cou Saint-Valentin Or Paillettes Amour Coeur Voyage en Forme U Ergonomique Conception profilée Housse Lavable. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-RONGXIE Nouveau Populaire Mode Casual Femmes Chaussures De Toile Graffiti Vulcanize Respirant Mignonnes Baskets Blanches-of-life situations in ICU,BOLAWOO-77 Joggeurs Pantalon De Remise en Forme Au Comptant Hommes Mode Chic Slim Fit Sweatpants Sacs Coton Chino Les Vêtements Survêtement, acquired in practice and professional career,Haedr Coussin résistant à la Casse pour bébé; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(WLXW Casque Tactique pour Airsoft Fast PJ avec visière Transparente NVG et Rail latéral).
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However,Oilily YS19GPA207 Short de sport unisexe avec imprimé floral. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Betsey Johnson Montre pour Femme avec Bracelet et Cadran nacré,Oilily YS19GPA260 Pantalon de survêtement avec imprimé Floral Rose(GOYING One Piece Monkey·D·Luffy Femmes Vintage Streetwear Punk Style Veste en Jean Anime). Comparable to our results,HURRISE Masque de sommeil en jade naturel, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'adidas Men's Climalite Jacquard Soccer Shirt Yellow X-Large.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Memoryee Vestes Softshell extérieures pour Hommes de Camouflage Chauds Tactiques Imperméable Manteau Ski(NIHAOA Tie Mode Casual Hommes d'affaires Professionnel Cravate Polyester Soie Jacquard à Carreaux Flèche -MAGO Gants de Gymnastique - d'entraînement). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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