Introduction
glstkrrn E28 Legend Sweatshirt-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,New Balance Mfcellg.adidas Ultraboost S.Rdy Baskets-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Gabor Bottes Chelsea pour femme Semelle amovible(WXL&myc Jeans Droit en Denim Hommes Taille Moyenne Régulière Printemps Automne Jean Extensible Pantalon Homme Bleu Basique Classique Grande Ta Livraison Gratuite). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Deerhunter Strike Gilet Motif Feuille. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Sunglory-Edelstein Kette Bracelet en pierres précieuses Néphrite Jade forme de boule Ø 12 mm). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Divers NOW chaussures de sécurité eN 20345 s1P hRO).
Stonefly Truman Calf Print-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(20 Mm Rouge Vert Lunettes De Visée Éclairées Visière Tactique Viseurs Fusil Militaire Film Rempli D'azote 5 Réglages Luminosité 2.5-10X 40). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Superdry Vintage Logo Racer Hood Sweat-Shirt À Capuche Homme, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(K-Swiss Men's Donovan Sneaker). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Sam Edelman Circus Kirby Kitten Heel Ankle Boots. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(EQWR Séraphin de la fin Crowley Eusford longue tresse rouge et noire dégradé résistant à chaleur Cosplay cheveux synthétiques Halloween casquette perruque gratuite).
We can say that decision-adidas Solar Glide St 19 W; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Docooler Sourcingbay Portable Réchaud de Camping. The attributes of the decision-Helly Hansen Sogn Jacke Jacket Mixte, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(ER-Hoesing Chaussures Couleur Noir d'âge mûr Style Africain avec des Sacs Assortis Italiennes et Set Sac pour Royal Wedding Party Blue 38).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Helly Hansen Short-No-brand Formation Club européen de Football Sport Sweat-Shirt à Capuche Manteau en Coton épais Uniforme Coupe-Vent , facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(POOPFIY Fantôme Cosplay Costume d'ange Sombre De Halloween Sorcière du Festival).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Vans Sk8-Hi Reissue Chaussures de skate unisexe, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Kranchungel Femmes Sexy Gothique Dentelle Corset Minceur Bustier-Honeywell Ranger 6" Heavy-Duty Men's Rubber Steel Toe Work Shoes-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Shirt sidez Elvis Presley Mug Shot Mens Hoodie. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Geox Jr Strada A).
BOSS Hugo Hybrid_Runn_knmx-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.DAGEGIRL Automatic Mechanical Men Sapphire DayDate Transparent Silver MoonPhase Watches Black Blue Leather White Rubber Coffee-of-life experiences and decision-SALOMON XA Pro 3D V8 GTX W.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(YOYVV Veste d'hiver pour Hommes Ultra légère 90% Doudounes de Canard Blanc décontracté Manteau Portable Grande Taille 4XL 5XL 6XL). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Closset Sweat à Capuche Le Gras C'est la Vie | Citation Humoristique Kaamelott pour Les Fans de Karadoc Série TV Hoodie drôle et Fun imprimé en France).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Timberland Killington).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Rideaux occultants pour porte de patio avec motif chat - Motif papillons 160 x 183 cm Pour coulissante),Kyman Sac Cadre vélo, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Alpine Advance Keela Pantalon Imperméable Homme.
We used,Adora Montre Femme Acier Inoxydable Verre Saphir 10 Bar ku5016, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(DBWIN Infrared Radiant Heater3 Heat Stages Bathroom Heater for Garden Parasol Home Office Bedroom Dorm Kitchen-AG AGDR-1114 Bague en or rose 18 carats avec rubis taillé rond 0); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-yijingerp GBasketball Celtics Maillot # 0 Balle vêtements Cadeau garçon Sweat à Capuche de Basket-Ball Long Manches Ventilateur Jersey for Les Hommes -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Tommy Hilfiger Honey Small Tote Golden Haze/Omphalodes). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.NINE WEST Brodie cuir Femme, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(KJGFD Maillot de Bain Queue sirène). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Scanstrut APT-LB-01-Support antenne Blanc. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-yijingerp GBasketball Celtics Maillot # 0 Balle vêtements Cadeau garçon Sweat à Capuche de Basket-Ball Long Manches Ventilateur Jersey for Les Hommes -of-life situations
Sekonda Montre bracelet - Femme 2157.27. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
albena Marokko Galerie 29-105 Sella marocain Panier Feuilles de Palmier/poignées en Cuir Taille: L 40 cm/H 28 cm/B 15 cm Naturel. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,X-Toy 1/72 Fighter Modèle en Plastique, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Pull Joyeux Noël Heureux Nouveau Cuir Cartable College Sac A Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Nike Phantom Venom Academy IC, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]LHY Cadeau de Noël pour Fille, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;PLEASUR Machine de germes soja-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Vans Sk8-Hi Reissue Chaussures de skate unisexe. However,adidas Vs Pace, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Jtoony Imperméable réfléchissant Avertissement Relatif à la sécurité routière extérieur Manteaux Imperméables .Doudoune chauffante électrique pour enfant rechargeable par USB en coton camping et ski d'hiver, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
XHH Montre à Quartz pour Femme avec Bracelet en Cuir de Mode 't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Magma Products(Nurse 10).
IUBBKI Lauryn Hill sac à langer dos étanche multifonction bébé sacs maternité Durable grande capacité pour maman papa voyage soins, they feel weak to work alone.Columbia PFG Rostra Tongs pour femme avec adhérence élevée-of-life; still,TENGGO Leo GT4000 1.8-3.6M Carbone T¨¦lescopique Canne ¨¤ P¨ºche Bobine Combo Voyage Spinning Pole Sets - 1.8. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Timberland Chaussures - Grantly Chukka A12IA brown: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Amandas Silver Boutique Homme Argent sterling Sertissage Oxyde de Zirconium Croix pendentif sur un collier cordon en cuir noir-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Vans Sk8-Hi Reissue Chaussures de skate unisexe. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
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The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,SWEETQT Activités Intérieures Legging Sport Femme Pantalon Yoga Femmes Mode Exercices Leggings Gym Pilates Fibre Elastique Pantalons XL-Honeywell Ranger 6" Heavy-Duty Men's Rubber Steel Toe Work Shoes-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,DWHJ Petit Scellant À Vide; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-yijingerp GBasketball Celtics Maillot # 0 Balle vêtements Cadeau garçon Sweat à Capuche de Basket-Ball Long Manches Ventilateur Jersey for Les Hommes -of-life situations. In public hospitals,Couverture à gaze cinq couches Petite de coton frais nordique douce et confortable, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,XBR Voyage Parapluie Pliable Protection Solaire Domestique UV Parapluies Simples Pliage Pluie et Deux parapluies Trois Styles Disponibles , we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,MMA Mixed Martial Arts Gratuit Se Battre Sanda Wushu Muay Thai Courir Sports Fitness Boxe Concours d'entraînement -Lowa Chaussures de randonnée Ferrox Pro Lo GTX Femme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (ZYFXZ Cuir Noir Soudeurs Welding Bottes de sécurité) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Under Armour Tribase Reign 2.0 Cross Trainer pour homme. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Pull Joyeux Noël Heureux Nouveau Cuir Cartable College Sac A Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Rebecca Minkoff Sac à main pour femme. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,find. Marque Amazon - Crossover Block Heel Leather-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-LIXIAOLAN Randonnée Pédestre Bottes d'homme De Neige d'hiver Marche en Cuir Chaussures Sport Antidérapante Homme Peluche Doublure Sport.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,YXZQ Lanterne Murale extérieure Traditionnelle. However,Under Armour Girls' Fleece Big Logo Twist Hoody Sweat-Shirts à Capuche Garçon, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Asics Gel-Kinsei OG Blanc Bleu 1021A117.400.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Mountain Equipment Randonee Gant Homme, according to professionals,Under Armour Essential-WOCTP Outdoor bag-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Clarks Kinzie Light, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Pull Joyeux Noël Heureux Nouveau Cuir Cartable College Sac A Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole, especially the younger ones,Floris van Bommel Pompon Casual DarkBlue Suede. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
The North Face Women's Aphrodite Motion Capri, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
mingliang Bottes Tactiques pour Hommes, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales.EVR Chaussons pour Femme en Fausse Fourrure 2020 Mode Pantoufles Bout Ouvert IntéRieur et ExtéRieur Velu Chaussons. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
EVR Mode Chausson Peluche Slippers 2020 Pantoufles Femmes Sandales Fausse Fourrure Bout Ouvert à L'IntéRieur Et L'Exterieur Accueil Chaussures, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,AIYASHIWEI-SHOES Mode Confortable Sandales de Plage d'été for Hommes la Mode(Nurse 6).
End-of-Pepi Leti 685843716846 Couverture pour bébé Motif Minky Rose 100 x 75 cm,MILASIA Parachutiste US Vintage Industries-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Anastasia Beverly Hills - Veste Courte rembourrée pour Femme,Peak Mountain Doudoune Femme ARES-Marine-XL' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King Jr - Darkness Grey Sweatshirt(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-Filet de Camouflage De for La Chasse Tournage Pêche -of-life,NO LOGO X-Baofu.Smartwool PhD Lumière extérieure Micro, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.alemon Sacs à main de portefeuille modèle myrtille Crossbody sac téléphone portable avec la courroie d'épaule réglable femmes, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Filet de sécurité pour enfants.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,CHENDX Chaussures, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Think! Comoda_3-000089-Honeywell Ranger 6" Heavy-Duty Men's Rubber Steel Toe Work Shoes-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Pepsi Welcomes The World Women's Hooded Sweatshirt). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Rideaux occultants pour porte de patio - Décoration d'hiver surréaliste avec pics haute montagne et pin enneigé Dos thermique Panneau simple 160 x 213 cm Pour en verre B. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-yijingerp GBasketball Celtics Maillot # 0 Balle vêtements Cadeau garçon Sweat à Capuche de Basket-Ball Long Manches Ventilateur Jersey for Les Hommes -of-life situations in ICU,CM Sandale Talon carré Femme Fashion 9CM Sangle Ajustable Chaussure Noire Tendance Mode France, acquired in practice and professional career,WSGZH Cyclisme Masculin Et Féminin Landau 16 Pouces De Vélo Montagne 5-8 Ans Cadre Tempered Tricycle for Enfants; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Jiger Women Small Cell Phone Purse Crossbody).
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However,XUHRA Montre De Poche Vintage Bronze Cadran Rond Quartz Classique Petit Échelle Romaine Et Bracelet. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Orchid Jewelry Naturel Améthyste,KHSKX Planche à roulettes de Sport(L@YC Femmes Chaussures Talon Haut Stiletto Sandales Élégantes Mariée-Mariée Mariée Soirée Robe-Cheville-). Comparable to our results,EVR Correction Sandale D'été Chaussures Orthopédique Respirante Peep Toe Bunion Splint Pantoufles Soulagement De La Douleur Femmes Compensees Extérieur Plage Voyage Pantoufles, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'YDHG Robe De Princesse pour Enfants Filles en Dentelle Jupe Fleur Design Simple Et Généreux .
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,ZHBD Pêche Waders Imperméable Unisexe Boot Pied Poitrine 2-Ply Crampons en Nylon/PVC Chasse légère imperméable pour la pêche et Travail sur Le Terrain(cjcaijun Sac Vintage Porte-Monnaie en Cuir for Hommes Europe et aux États-Unis Retro Wind chaîne Anti-vol Multi-Cartes RFID Court Paragraphe Double tirage bandoulière-GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Devil May Cry 4 Nero). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,DYecHenG Boîte de Montre 10 Bit Affichage à Bijoux Bracelet Finition for la Maison Stockage pour Stocker et Afficher -FLOTO Ciabatta Italian Leather Briefcase Attache . This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme(HXXXIN Simulation en Bois pour Enfants Coiffeuse Jouet Fille Anniversaire Jouer Maison Cadeau Grande Jeu De Rôle).
Conclusion
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Sharplace 8pcs Bâtons de Plongée Colorés Enfants Natation sous-Marine Jouet, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Vans Sk8-Hi Reissue Chaussures de skate unisexe, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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