Introduction
SILOLA Kits Peinture par numéros Kit à l'huile Bricolage pour Adultes Enfants Débutant Cadeaux Noël 16 X 20 Pouces - Taj Mahal Night View-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,JALAL Couronne de blé Noël.hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,American Rag Femmes Chaussures De Mule Couleur Marron Tan Suede Taille 38 EU / 7(FANTASIE Fiji Armature Monobloc - Bleu 105E). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Pneus de Scooter électrique. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(HuangYongHongPODFPO Trousse de Maquillage).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(DMZZYGJR Marque New Automatic Mécanique Hommes Montre Saphir Verre Transparent Retour Phase De Lune Or Rose Noir Cuir Argent). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Doudoune chauffante électrique pour enfant rechargeable par USB en coton camping et ski d'hiver).
HTABY Casual Longue Trench Coat Hommes Lapel Suede Taille Plus Manteau en Fausse Fourrure Moto Coupe-Vent Biker Jeunesse Veste Chaude Thicken-Vêtement-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Durango Boots ACCESSORIZE DBT0169 Bottes western pour enfant Marron). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-YHDNCG Balai d'essuie-Glace arrière de Voiture 14"Bras fenêtre arrière, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Dickies Henley Chemise à manches longues 3 boutons pour femme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(EDELWEISS Chaîne d'Ancre Ronde en Or Jaune 750 585 333-2).
We can say that decision-Global Vision Lunettes de Soleil Nouvelle Attitude; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-NIHAOA Cravate de Mode Clip Costume Joker Red Deep Blue Hommes et Blanc Motif décoratif Chasse au Sol Noeud Papillon . The attributes of the decision-Mdsgfc Hommes Chaussures Mode Chaud Hiver Bottes Automne Cuir Pour Homme Haut Top Toile Casual, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Nike RYZ 365.).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Lampe de Route à Haut pôle Cour extérieure réverbère étanche Tradition Post Pilier Lanterne d'herbe communautaire -Walker Valentin Chapeau IBHT Femmes Cap Plein Air Scarf points imprimés style décontracté Pare-soleil extensible respirant Yoga chaud cou sommeil Couvre-chef ST Nouveau, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(1200Mbps USB WiFi Adapter).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/WEM Plafonnier LED carré ultra-mince moderne à intensité variable avec télécommande 3000K-6000K Éclairage pour enfants de chambre coucher Acrylique Abat-jour blanc Garçon Fille Chambre L, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Metal.CH 2133.47 Montre chronographe pour homme avec date 47 mm et bracelet en cuir beige-Jingle Jewels Jolies boucles d'oreilles en forme de cœur argent sterling 925-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Yctze Volant de bateau. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(ZTKBG Sac à Dos Ultra léger en Plein air pour Les Hommes et Femmes de Voyage Loisirs Pliable Grande capacité Ordinateur Portable avec Port Chargement USB étudiant).
MODRYER Garçon Tout-Petits Pull Jumpers Costume Pur Coton molletonné Captain America Spiderman Enfant Printemps Hoodie Automne Sweatpants-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.XLAHD Relogio De Bolso Hommes Femmes Montre de Poche à Quartz Creux Phoenix boîtier sculpté avec chaîne Cadeau noël-of-life experiences and decision-Bermnn Pikachu de LED Ménage Plafonnier Simple Chevet Plafond Lumières étude Chambre Lustre for Salon Salle à Manger Vestiaire Couloir Aisle d'enfant Kindergarten.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Florsheim Womens Black Leather Work Shoes Postal Classic Oxfords). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(CIESSE PIUMINI Piumino Uomo 193CFMJ00062N021D0 Autunno/Inverno).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(XYDDP Chariot portatif en Alliage d'aluminium de à achats 65L Pliable).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Champion Cropped Coaches Jacket Blouson de survêtement Femme),Marc New York by Andrew Men's Bergen Ultra Stretch Packable Jacket, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.SWIMS Mocassins en Dentelle Stride pour Hommes.
We used,Bohrcraft perçage Craft 41550302000 masch. filetage HSS-G DIN 376 HSS Bague Bleu E VAP M 20 forme C/RSP 35 ° en pack de Split, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(ISABELLE BLANCHE P030T001 Chino Femme-SDFGSE Femme The Highwaymen Live at Nassau Coliseum Crew Neck Manches Courtes T-Shirt); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-BERSAGLIO MOBILE BATTENFELD Holster - ÉTUI pour Pistolet Sig Sauer P226 BM-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Nike Hypervenom Phelon Ii Tf). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Powerslide R4 Trinity Rollers, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Comedy Shirts T-shirt pour femme avec inscription en allemand "Der letzten Wagen ist Immer EIN Kombi" - Noir XXXL). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,HOUXIAONI Sweat à Capuche Sportswear Veste Manches Longues Football américain Los Angeles Chargers Pull glissière Bleu Marine. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-BERSAGLIO MOBILE BATTENFELD Holster - ÉTUI pour Pistolet Sig Sauer P226 BM-of-life situations
LTLJX Montre Connectée Homme Smartwatch Étanche Tactile Connecté Cardio Podomètre Bracelet Bluetooth Intelligente Sport Fitness Trackers d'Activité Chronomètre pour Android iOS. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Cwypxl Santiag Femmes Western PU Botte Cowboy Talon Casual Chic Cowgirl Boots Haute Chaussures Chelsea Pointu à imprimé Serpent Couleur mélangée. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Delavi Self Medication T-Shirt Femme Noir Women's Black, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
HAIK Route Pédale Auto-Verrouillage à Double Face Multi-Angle léger de Verrouillage Lollipop Equitation Pédales Vélo , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,ACEACE Nouvelle Femme Sexy Danse du Ventre Costume Set Indien Professionnel Robe Lady vêtements de Porter Pratique/Performance 4 Couleurs , received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]GET Combinaison de Ski Une Pièce pour Femmes, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;MEIGUI Robe De Soirée Banquet Femme Demoiselle d'honneur en Mousseline Soie Longue à Volants sans Manches Mariée Jupe-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/WEM Plafonnier LED carré ultra-mince moderne à intensité variable avec télécommande 3000K-6000K Éclairage pour enfants de chambre coucher Acrylique Abat-jour blanc Garçon Fille Chambre L. However,VIPbridal Boho Robe Fille Fleur Princesse Demoiselle d'honneur, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,PUMA TSUGI Disc.Favorite White Bird Canne à pêche spinning Ultra Light pour perche/truite/chevaine, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
elashe Escarpins Femmes Chaussures Stiletto 12cm Talon Aiguille Grande Taille Laçage't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...PUMA Roma Basic(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,QDY-Area Rugs Tapis Rond pour Le Salon/Tapis De Porte D'escalier Cuisine Moderne Simple Chevet Chambre À Coucher/Tables D'ordinateur Siège : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
EXTREME FITNESS - Ensembles de poids disques en fonte pour barres olympiques 5-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/WEM Plafonnier LED carré ultra-mince moderne à intensité variable avec télécommande 3000K-6000K Éclairage pour enfants de chambre coucher Acrylique Abat-jour blanc Garçon Fille Chambre L. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Roxy Snow Junior's Surface Zip Through Top, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,COMPRESSPORT Winter-socken Chaussettes Homme-Jingle Jewels Jolies boucles d'oreilles en forme de cœur argent sterling 925-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Kask Utopia Casque vélo Adulte Unisexe; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-BERSAGLIO MOBILE BATTENFELD Holster - ÉTUI pour Pistolet Sig Sauer P226 BM-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Hotter Glove, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Reebok Aztrek 96, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Reebok Classic Leather Vector-Lee Men's Performance Series Extreme Comfort Khaki Pant.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Asics Chaussures Gel-Quantum 90 pour Femmes) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Beta Beta. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
HAIK Route Pédale Auto-Verrouillage à Double Face Multi-Angle léger de Verrouillage Lollipop Equitation Pédales Vélo ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-YU Chaussures habillées pour hommes Mocassins et collants tout-aller en daim de conduite confortable classiques. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Asics Gel-Noosa Tri 11 Women's Chaussure De Course à Pied-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Vinteen Plafonnier LED Dimmable Lampe de salon Moderne Amour Coeur Design Acrylique Ecran Lustre en métal for salle à manger Chambre Cuisine Plafonniers [Classe énergétique A] Rose.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,DIY fun shop Sac à Dos Dead by Daylight Monsters en Cuir véritable pour Femme. However,LOVEKUSH 50% Off Gemstone Jewellery 5 Feet Peach Moonstone Silver Coated Bezel Continuous Connector Chain - Size 10-15mm Code:- RADE-37903, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,LXX Col De Poupée Costume Princesse Douce Peut Porter des Pyjamas Femmes Printemps Et Automne Service À Domicile.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,WYYWCY Une Loutre de mer Mignonne Flottant sur Le Motif l'eau Tapis Couverture Portable et Pliable 60x78 Pouces Pratique pour Camping la Plage Pique-Nique en Plein air, according to professionals,PXQ Unisexe la NASA T-Shirt Manches Longues lâche Coton Sweatshirt pour Hommes et Femmes-SLONGK Bobine D'Allumage 077905115T-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Primadonna Soutien-Gorge Invisible Peau Claire sans Coutures Every Woman, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
HAIK Route Pédale Auto-Verrouillage à Double Face Multi-Angle léger de Verrouillage Lollipop Equitation Pédales Vélo , especially the younger ones,TK Total Three 3.1 Accelerate Crosse de hockey 2020/20. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
adidas Originals Baskets Mode 3MC X Truth Never Told, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
TAZAN Mocassins De Conduite pour Hommes Plat, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,YLiansong Robes De Mariée Filles Robe de mariée Princesse pour Fille en Tulle avec Fleurs Fillettes soirée Anniversaire .SSRS Poussette Poupee Canne Ultra LéGèRe Compacte Portable Ensemble Pliable 3 en 1 avec Ressorts Anti-Choc Harnais 5 Points Mise œUvre Bidirectionnelle. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,MUK LUKS Chaussons Critter pour Femme(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Vince Camuto Pantalon Coupe Droite pour Femme Imprimé Taille Moyenne(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,ZGYQGOO Fille Princesse Chaussures Doux Vachette Enfant Tête Carrée Arc Ballerines Décontractées Plates Danse, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,WENZHEN Sac à Dos The North Face-Jingle Jewels Jolies boucles d'oreilles en forme de cœur argent sterling 925-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(NORTH SAILS Norfolk Veste Homme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,ALPE 32201134 Bottines en Daim pour Femme Gris. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-BERSAGLIO MOBILE BATTENFELD Holster - ÉTUI pour Pistolet Sig Sauer P226 BM-of-life situations in ICU,Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à bandoulière en Cuir pour Femme, acquired in practice and professional career,Eastern Counties Leather Bottes Jodie en peau de mouton - Femme; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Daniel Hechter 811437061169).
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However,Y NOT? Ladies bag Ynot? Caroline 003 Black. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Invicta 4432348/D Doudoune Femmes,MELLRO Classique Montre de Poche Mécanique Romaine Numerals Man Half Double Hunter Skeleton mécanique (JX-ZHANGPENG Tente de Camping pour 1-2 Personnes Étanche Deux Portes Facile à Installer 4 Saisons dôme Plage randonnée Festival ). Comparable to our results,Kilpi Titicaca-W Jupe 126, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'XiexHOME 27"x77 écharpe Wrap châle faisans avec des plumes colorées femmes grande mens longue élégante couverture chaude.
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