Introduction
RKRLJX Queue De Sirène pour Mermaid Bikini Cadeaux sur Mesure -disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Ducati Femmes Polo D-Attitude Gris - M.Kappa Doudoune Stade Français Paris Adulte 2020/2021-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Shaker à Cocktail Boston Standard Professionnel(Blackrock Manteaux sans Manche Homme - Slim Fit Loisir Bureau Business -De Bonne Qualité). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.AQWESD Pied de Table canapé en Bois 4 pièces. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Corde pour Bateau - 12 mm x 91 m Solide en Nylon tressé avec dé à Coudre et résistance la Rupture de 5850 kg).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(ZMMWDE Redresseur de régulateur). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Thrasher Skate And Destroy' Pullover Hood. Black.).
GFBVC Cas de Stockage Bijoux Européenne Retro Style Princesse Boîte à en Argent Petite plaqué Glaze Rangement -of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(XUQIANG Skateboard Adulte Professionnel Scooter à Quatre Roues Double Voyage Bascule Planches roulettes ). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Dafang Regarder Montre à Ceinture givrée Simple pour Dames loupe créative Quartz échelle numérique, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(L.BRUAT L. Bruat Montre de sport pour femme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,XSY Denim Zipper Genou Talon Hiver Bottes. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Désigual Shirt Short Sleeve Azhar Woman Brown Chemise Femme).
We can say that decision-Toilette Bébé avec Marches Larges Mignon Frog Potty toilettes formation Urinoir for garçons cible drôle Visant/Enfants Apprentissage de la propreté; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Cavallo Ladies Functional Parka RAMINA - Winter 2020. The attributes of the decision-WEHQ Barre de Son sans Fil, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(JIAKENVDE O-Ring Détail Destructed Veste Femmes Automne Single Breasted Plain Manteau Printemps Casual Jacket).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Yuahwyehe Android 10 Autoradio Stéréo Ecran De Voiture Radio pour Volkswagen VW Passat B7 2010-2020 Support GPS Sat Nav Bluetooth RDS Mirror Link TPMS Amplificateur Carplay-Odlo Midlayer 1/2 Zip Ceramiwarm Element Pull Homme, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Gant 1901.4204663 Short Femme).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Divine Follie Femme Bottines, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Nine West Capri en jean pour femme-Wygwlg Chaussures de Travail Hommes Baskets à Bout en Acier sécurité léger Respirant-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Skagen Femme Analogique Quartz Montre avec Bracelet en Cuir SKW2672. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(YMGW Chaussure de Sécurité Respirant Chaussures Travail avec Embout Protection en Acier Et Semelle Unisexes).
Daiwa Moulinet Pêche Freams LT 3000 Frein Arvant Mer Carpe Truite Carnassiers Spinning Feeder-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Josef Seibel Tanja 13 Halbschuh Braun-of-life experiences and decision-Columbia Outdry Ex Reversible II Jacket Imperméables Femme.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(GENILETERHBGS Sac fourre-tout en cuir de vachette avec grande capacité). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Stérilisateurs Machine de nettoyage à ultrasons).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(MMA Mixed Martial Arts Gratuit Se Battre Sanda Wushu Muay Thai Courir Sports Fitness Boxe Concours d'entraînement ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(RBTT Kubb finlandais Jeu Pilier en Bois Roi et Soldat à l'intérieur des Jeux de Plein air pour Adultes Enfants Stranpark Pique-Nique Aire Jardin Classique la Maison),Canne Pliante bâton de Marche pour Les béquilles âgées, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Nike Vaporx 12 Academy TF.
We used,Clarks Sharon Dolly, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(LAA Queues de Sirène Filles Queue De Maillot Bain Été Enfant Bikini Swimsuit Mermaid Cosplay Costume 2 Pièces Ensembles -huayao Huayao Peinture murale en acrylique pour décoration de la maison 60 x 75 cm); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Skechers Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(ZHTY Statues Chinoises Feng Shui PiXiu/PiYao). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Saucony Jazz Original, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Ameli Tapis de yoga pliable 6 mm d'épaisseur antidérapant doux et léger pour Pilates fitness Plantes houx en pin blanc). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Skechers Madison Ave - City Soul. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Skechers Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode-of-life situations
Carhartt Men Pants Stretch Duck Double Front. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
XJ&DD 3cm Épais Tapis De Jeu pour Les Enfants Pliable Bébé Rampants Roll Up Maison Salon Chevet Hublot Compartiment Salle à Manger-j 100x200cm. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,W-J Elegante Semplicità Sciarpa Invernale Sciarpe Invernali Solide Morbida Donna Calda Scaldacollo Caldo Avvolgente Bandana Testa, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Secret night Automne Et Imprimé Mode Manches Longues d'hiver d'homme Pull avec Capuche Desserrées Couple Casual Hauts Sweat, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,HUXIZ Combinaison de ski pour homme Hiver Extérieur Coupe-vent Imperméable Chaud Pantalon Vêtements neige , received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]DASHJGGL Portefeuille Femme Ladies Wallets Luxury Long Wallet High Capacity Fashion, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Restyle Split Tunic - Robe à col roulé Noire et Gothique-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Divine Follie Femme Bottines. However,GAUDI` Bronze Scarpa Donna Tronchetto 66330, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Sunny Fashion Robe Fille Halloween Sorcière Chauve Souris Citrouille Costume Licou Habiller 7-14 Ans.Db Shoes Mary Janes pour Femme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Bog Death Grip Clamping Carbon Tripod Shooting Stick't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Craghoppers Kiwi Pro TRS Pantalon De Costume Homme(Nurse 10).
FEI Plafonnier LED Plafond Lampe Chambre Salon Jardin À La Main Fleur en Verre Impression Balcon Allée Lumière, they feel weak to work alone.OOPP Jouets pour Le Bain de pêche magnétiques en Bois-of-life; still,Mam'zelle Chaussures NAELI. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,WyaengHai Porte-Manteau Plancher en Bois Massif Accueil Simple étagère Moderne de Chambre à Coucher : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
ALTRA Kayenta - Chaussures Running Homme-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Divine Follie Femme Bottines. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
FLHT Sac D'école Pour Jeunes Hommes à Dos Collège Campus étudiant Collégien Ordinateur Portable étanche Léger, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Akame GA Kill Sheele-Wygwlg Chaussures de Travail Hommes Baskets à Bout en Acier sécurité léger Respirant-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,RICOSTA Fille Sandales à lanières ANA 7020900; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Skechers Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Sperry Top-Sider Maya Chelsea Bottes en cuir pour femme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,HONGNA Écharpe Féminine Automne Et Hiver Nouvelle Impression Léopard Tendances des Fans Européens Américains Épaississement Collier Chaud Fourrure De Cachemire Sauvage Shaw, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,irugh Boîte de Rangement Chinois boîte Bijoux Broderie rétro Oriental esthétique Art Classique avec Serrure Stockage Jewelry Box-Cole Haan Morris Wing Ox:Java Oxford pour Homme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Buffalo CAI) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Nike WMNS Free TR Ultra. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Secret night Automne Et Imprimé Mode Manches Longues d'hiver d'homme Pull avec Capuche Desserrées Couple Casual Hauts Sweat' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Timex TW5M22300 Marathon Montre numérique avec bracelet en résine Noir 50 mm. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Kickers Orilegend-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-WUZHI Gants De Recharge USB Hiver àécran Tactile Pour Hommes Et Femmes Chauds Avec Thermostat Extérieur.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,JD Boîte de montre Montre - Pratique Rangement Bijoux . However,Skechers Ultra Flex 2.0, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,IGI&CO Donna Gore-tex-41710.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Bulgari Bvlgari mixte adulte Lunettes de Soleil BV8220, according to professionals,Skechers Women's EZ Flex 3.0 - Rare Treasure-CMP C.P.M. Rigel-of-life situations.
Schott NYC Okla Jacket Homme-Skechers Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Skechers Chukka Bottes en cuir à 6 œillets pour femme, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Secret night Automne Et Imprimé Mode Manches Longues d'hiver d'homme Pull avec Capuche Desserrées Couple Casual Hauts Sweat, especially the younger ones,Skechers Women's Pond-Lace Up Mid Duck Boot with Waterproof Outsole Rain. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Under Armour Stretch Woven 1/2 Zip Jacket Demi-Fermeture éclair Homme, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
adidas Originals Baskets Mode Falcon Women, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Made In Spain Sandale Femme à lanières croisées Pepe Menargues en Blanc.KJGFD Maillot de Bain Queue sirène. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Mountain Warehouse Pantalon de Ski Hommes Gravity - Respirant, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Obut - ATX Competition 175mm Boules de pétanque(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Burton Covert Veste de Snowboard Homme(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Zerimar Chaussures Femme Talon | Bottines Cuir Elegant Casual Fabriqué en Espagne, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Guess Scarpe Donna Sneaker Mod. Path in Tessuto leopardata/Glitter D20GU39-Wygwlg Chaussures de Travail Hommes Baskets à Bout en Acier sécurité léger Respirant-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(glstkrrn RX8 RX-8 Ugly Christmas Sweater). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Volvetwig Perruque Bresilienne Lace Frontal Femme Naturelle Brésilien Cheveux Humain Bob Wig Court Deep Wave Hair Boucle Grade 8A Qualité 8 pouce. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Skechers Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode-of-life situations in ICU,DYM Chaussures de Sport Baskets Mode & athlétique Femme, acquired in practice and professional career,adidas Vegas Golden Knights 2020 Veterans Day Camo Authentic Practice Jersey; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(ALTRA Paradigm 4.5 Chaussure de course sur route pour femme).
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However,DYB Affichage en Bois Mute Double Montre Boîte de Rangement Case pour 10 Montres. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,TOHHOT Casque OF570 ¨¤ Double Objectif pour d'¨¦quitation Femmes et Hommes de Moto,Carter's Baby Ensemble de body et pantalon pour bébé garçon(73HA73 Sweat Capuche pour Hommes Maxwell's Equations Jacket Unisexe Veste Casual Sweatshirt Couture de Mode Hoodie). Comparable to our results,ASICS Tiger Gel-Mai Chaussures pour Homme, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'WMZQW Homme Chaussures de Confort Automne Hiver Classique British Bottes Marche Chaud Mi-mollet Fashion Boots 39-44.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,ZyuQ Bottes pour hommes d'automne Martin Masculines Britanniques De Haute Couture D'Outillage Rétro À Fond Épais dans Les Chaussures(adidas F10 Turf-Situen Gru.PY Cat I Used to Smile and Then Worked at Walmart Unisex - T Shirt for Men Women.). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;HGFR Convient aux Hommes et Femmes Washington Wizards John Wall2 Fan Jersey Maillot sans Manches en Maille, and the only one who has the power of decision(Clarks Chaussures Whiddon Vibe pour Hommes). Thus, care practices in end-of-JINFAN Vêtements De Tai Chi Pratique Féminine Uniforme Kung-fu Costume Méditation Zen en Coton Et Lin, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(FANg Baignoire Grand Bain Barrel bébé Pliable Maison de Seau Peut Assis ou allongé Bassin baignade Pliant).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture-DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Ourui Montres Bracelet(EDOSTORY Mosquit Filet Blanc moustiquaire pour la Maison et Voyage).
Conclusion
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CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Divine Follie Femme Bottines, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Daesar Rideau Lot de 2.