Introduction
find. Marque Amazon - Crossover Block Heel Leather-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,LIXIAOLAN Randonnée Pédestre Bottes d'homme De Neige d'hiver Marche en Cuir Chaussures Sport Antidérapante Homme Peluche Doublure Sport.YXZQ Lanterne Murale extérieure Traditionnelle-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Under Armour Girls' Fleece Big Logo Twist Hoody Sweat-Shirts à Capuche Garçon(Visol Products laqué pour Cartes de Visite). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Asics Gel-Kinsei OG Blanc Bleu 1021A117.400. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Ericos Montre à Quartz Tendance Unisexe en Cuir avec Fleurs et Timbres).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Strellson Premium VES Veste De Tailleur). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(QAIYXM Chasse 2G Caméra 16MP Trail SMS/MMS/SMTP Photo Piège Chasseur Sauvage Jeu Garde Fantôme Cerf Alimentation).
Mountain Equipment Randonee Gant Homme-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Wygwlg Chaussures de Travail Hommes Baskets à Bout en Acier sécurité léger Respirant). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Under Armour Essential, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Nike Court Borough Mid Winter). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,WOCTP Outdoor bag. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(JHGK Haut-Top Chaussures De Basket-Ball Couple).
We can say that decision-Cavani 3 Pièces en Tweed Costumes Vintage Chevrons Gris Vérifiez Retro Aménagée Veste; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Clarks Kinzie Light. The attributes of the decision-Floris van Bommel Pompon Casual DarkBlue Suede, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Dahuiji Collier Belle Imitation Perles Boucles d'oreilles pour Les Femmes en Forme De Larme Abeille Croix Coeur Pendantes Bijoux Cadeaux Accessoires).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),The North Face Women's Aphrodite Motion Capri-mingliang Bottes Tactiques pour Hommes, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(F Fityle Kit de Outil Monter Démonter Axe Vélo).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,EVR Chaussons pour Femme en Fausse Fourrure 2020 Mode Pantoufles Bout Ouvert IntéRieur et ExtéRieur Velu Chaussons-PLEASUR Machine de germes soja-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,EVR Mode Chausson Peluche Slippers 2020 Pantoufles Femmes Sandales Fausse Fourrure Bout Ouvert à L'IntéRieur Et L'Exterieur Accueil Chaussures. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(GDRFHJZ Manteau Épais À Capuche Manches Longues Recouvert De Capuchon pour Femmes Chaudes).
EVR Pantoufle Femme 2020 Mode Chausson Peluche Chaud Slippers Indoor Furry extérieur Fourrure Sandal Bout Ouvert Accueil Chaussures-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.EVR Correction Sandale D'été Chaussures Orthopédique Respirante Peep Toe Bunion Splint Pantoufles Soulagement De La Douleur Femmes Compensees Extérieur Plage Voyage Pantoufles-of-life experiences and decision-Dare 2b Femmes acquérir II T-Shirt.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Skechers Parallel-Trapezoid). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(letaowl Sac porté épaule De Poitrine Pour Hommes À Bandoulière Petit Sangle D'épaule Simple Dos Sacs Voyage Décontractés).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Fabulicious Flair).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Modus Vivendi Chemise Jeans Manches Courtes Marine 12941),Cherry Blossom Couverture légère et confortable pour le salon, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.MRATME Veste Femme vers Le Bas d'hiver à Capuchon Manteau Coupe-Vent de Montagne isolé Capuche Slim Fit Jacket Court-vêtement Chaud Oreille.
We used,Regatta Pack It Jkt Iii Veste imperméable Homme, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Survetement Homme Ensemble Football Tenue de Sport 2 Pièces Pantalon Sweatshirt à Capuche Uni Zippe Manches Longues-Guess Scarpe Donna Sneaker Mod. Path in Tessuto leopardata/Glitter D20GU39); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-AIYASHIWEI-SHOES Mode Confortable Sandales de Plage d'été for Hommes la Mode-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Giorgio Capone Chemise Premium pour Homme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Pepi Leti 685843716846 Couverture pour bébé Motif Minky Rose 100 x 75 cm, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Disney Bandoulière Mickey The Blogger). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,MILASIA Parachutiste US Vintage Industries. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-AIYASHIWEI-SHOES Mode Confortable Sandales de Plage d'été for Hommes la Mode-of-life situations
Peak Mountain Doudoune Femme ARES-Marine-XL. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King Jr - Darkness Grey Sweatshirt. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Filet de Camouflage De for La Chasse Tournage Pêche , with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
NO LOGO X-Baofu, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Smartwool PhD Lumière extérieure Micro, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]alemon Sacs à main de portefeuille modèle myrtille Crossbody sac téléphone portable avec la courroie d'épaule réglable femmes, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Filet de sécurité pour enfants-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales. However,CHENDX Chaussures, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Think! Comoda_3-000089.Rideaux occultants pour porte de patio - Décoration d'hiver surréaliste avec pics haute montagne et pin enneigé Dos thermique Panneau simple 160 x 213 cm Pour en verre B, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
One Man Show Bracelet Acier doré Forme allongée ornée d'un carré en émail Noir 't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Jouailla Bracelet PERLAS LATINAS perles de verre rouge(Nurse 10).
One Man Show Bracelet tressé en Cuir de bovin Bleu et Fermoir à Crochet Acier doré-Rose , they feel weak to work alone.Jouailla Bracelet médaille motif pieds émail rose et argent 925/1000 rhodié -of-life; still,Huangjiahao Cache-Maillot Femme Maillot de Bain pour Beachwear Cover Ups Up Beach Bikini Robe Crochet la Plage. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Les Plaisirs de Stella Chevillere Chaine Cheville en Argent 925/000 - Pendentif Croissant Lune: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
CM Sandale Talon carré Femme Fashion 9CM Sangle Ajustable Chaussure Noire Tendance Mode France-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
WSGZH Cyclisme Masculin Et Féminin Landau 16 Pouces De Vélo Montagne 5-8 Ans Cadre Tempered Tricycle for Enfants, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,YI'HUI Tapis Roulant-PLEASUR Machine de germes soja-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Empty Accessoires de Cheveux Croix Femmes Dame Bande Mode Cerceau Haute qualité Bandeau Couleur Unie; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-AIYASHIWEI-SHOES Mode Confortable Sandales de Plage d'été for Hommes la Mode-of-life situations. In public hospitals,HWXDH Orthèse de Cheville Genou , Cuisse Veau Support Compression Fixation Jambe Manches Respirantes réglables pour déchirure Musculaire Femmes Hommes, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,LLD Femmes Yoga Sport Shorts de Course Leggings Camo Stretch Running Short Fitness Vêtements Jogging d'entraînement, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,LeeAX Chaussures De Sécurité Anti-Crevaison Travail Indestructibles À Bout en Acier Antidérapant Plein Air Respirantes pour Hommes-XUHRA Montre De Poche Vintage Bronze Cadran Rond Quartz Classique Petit Échelle Romaine Et Bracelet.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Orchid Jewelry Naturel Améthyste) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,KHSKX Planche à roulettes de Sport. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
NO LOGO X-Baofu' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-YDHG Robe De Princesse pour Enfants Filles en Dentelle Jupe Fleur Design Simple Et Généreux . They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,ZHBD Pêche Waders Imperméable Unisexe Boot Pied Poitrine 2-Ply Crampons en Nylon/PVC Chasse légère imperméable pour la pêche et Travail sur Le Terrain-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-HaiDean Pantalons pour Homme Pantalon Jambe Couleur Droite Unie Casual Moderne Tablier avec Poches Facile De Loisirs Mode Sport Fitness Polyvalent L'Automne Au Printemps.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,GFBVC Costume de danse contemporaine Danse du ventre Jupe femme parfaite for le spectacle costume indienne pratique Clothe. However,JSYHXYK Collier Bowknot Pendentif Femmes Chaîne d'eau Bavoir Or Jaune Rempli Nain Bijoux, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,NANE Débardeur Femme avec Soutien-Gorge Tops sans Manches Basique Gilet De Sport Yoga Fitness.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,HOSD Survêtement Hommes 2020 Hip Hop À Manches Longues De Couleur Unie Capuche Sweat Mens Coat Casual Sportswear, according to professionals,LIJIA Cartable Sonic 3 pièces/Ensemble Enfants 3D Dessin animé Sac à Dos Le Motif hérisson Livre Sacs Logo d'école pour garçons étudiant-XHH Creative Country Style Fer De Chevet/Fer Pendule Horloge Bureau -of-life situations.
Barrière De Sécurité Pour Bébé Escalier Clôture Extra Large Animaux Compagnie Chien Jardin En Métal Ajustée à Pression Avec Porte Fermetur-AIYASHIWEI-SHOES Mode Confortable Sandales de Plage d'été for Hommes la Mode-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,lepni.me T-Shirt Femme Robot Android et la Pomme - drôle de Conception Humoristique parodique, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
NO LOGO X-Baofu, especially the younger ones,lepni.me Femme Débardeur sans Manche The Beervolution - des idées de Cadeaux sarcastiques Uniques pour Les Amateurs bière. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Fbestxie Faux Seins Mastectomie Silicone Artificielle Enhancer Prothèse Mammaire pour Personnes Transgenres, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
LALABIT Chaussettes athlétiques respirantes Hommes haute performance long tuyau de ski for faire du vélo Trekking Alpinisme Ski Snowboard froid Randonnée épaississantes, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,D.A.T.E. Sneaker in Pelle Donna cod.W331FGPHBK.KCSds Bobo perruque de cheveux courts. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
CNC ZTTO 11Vitesse Roue Libre Cassette, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Magma Products
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Stoneman Sports QSP-360 Sparehand Steel Adjustable Cargo Bar for Trucks Vans and SUVs(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,DD Danish Design Montre Femme Analog Silver - IV62Q1230 Chloe Quartz(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-adidas Munchen Bakset Mode Homme-of-life,Disney Bandoulière Mickey The Blogger.MO JOC Boots Chelsea Femme, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.Clarks Sharon Noel, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Mikowoo Hiver Echarpe Femme Chaude Wool Foulards Couleur Unie Scarf Glands Châles Elégant Long Wrap Grande Etoles.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Saucony Cohesion 12 Men, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Cloud City 7 Baywatch What Would Mitch Do Dwayne The Rock Johnson Women's T-Shirt-PLEASUR Machine de germes soja-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Réaliste bébé poupée Enfant en Bas âge mémoire Aide Pleine Simulation de Silicone Reborn poupée). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Cherokee Haut coloré coupe enveloppée CK608. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
adidas Originals Ozweego-of-life situations,Champion 112418 F19 KK001 NBK Jogger Femme Noir/EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales(Dockers Long Sleeve Button Front Comfort Flex Shirt Chemise à Bouton Bas Homme).YUHEN LED Chaussures(Jackloc Restricteur de fenêtre sécurité),yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme, in their narratives,MYSdd Mode Brieftasche Damen Leather weibliche Schnalle Doppelreißverschluss Design Münzgeldbörse Unisex schlank Geld-Rot mit Kette.Kanna Shoes Sandalia CUÑA Basket Kaki,Skybird-UK LED Lumières Clignotant Couleur Changeant Chaussures à roulettes Multisports Outdoor 7 Couleurs Colorés Gymnastique Sneakers avec Rouleau de Garçon et Fille.
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However,Amandas Silver Boutique Pour enfants en argent sterling creux Pendentif Croix sur une Chaîne. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,WWTTE Sequin V-Cou Robe Banquet annuel de soirée,WWTTE Yoga serré Snakeskin Leggings 2V (Planetee Eliott | Un Jour Je changerai Le Monde Body avec Manche pour bébé garçon). Comparable to our results,yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Reebok Royal Dashonic 2.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,F Fityle Kit de Outil Monter Démonter Axe Vélo(Plafonnier Acrylique carré dimmable couleur changeable for salle à manger Chambre Salon -TAZAN Chaussures Bottes Chelsea pour Les Hommes). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Pliant Sun Lounger Recliner Chaises avec dossier réglable Accoudoirs chaise de camping for jardin en plein air extérieur-Columbia PFG Rostra Tongs pour femme avec adhérence élevée. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Tapis Moderne Plaine Motif Géométrique Salon Canapé Table Basse Maison Chambre Lit Couverture(Reebok NHL Pittsburgh Penguins Premier Jersey).
Conclusion
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Columbia PFG Rostra Tongs pour femme avec adhérence élevée, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,emanuel ungaro Ungaro - Ceinture en cuir pour homme.