Introduction
Hanes ComfortBlend Lot de 3 T-shirt à manches courtes pour homme-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Fransande Caméra de chasse à LED HD 1080p IR étanche l'eau 950 Nm Vision nocturne Pièges photo Scouting Motion Camera.Liyaya Automatic Induction Night Light-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,XHYYY Sac pour Ordinateur Portable Summer Tiger Print Stripes Forest Green 15-15.4 Pouces Laptop Case(LHYAN Gilet Chauffant pour Hommes et Femmes USB électrique Veste 3 Chauffage Niveau). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Nouxh Homme Femme Dead by Daylight Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Anime Pullover Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille XXS-3XL. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Melluso 06330).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Columbia Grand Trek™ Down Jacket Doudoune Trek Femme). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Radiateur Électrique - Ventilateur De Chauffage Portable).
YoLiy Cube Activity Center L'apprentissage Précoce Cubes Activité Jouets-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(ALBB Peluche Jouet géant Avocat Oreiller poupée Super Doux Sieste Coussin en décoration créative de Haute qualité noël Birhday Cadeau). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Speedo Vengeance Mirror Lunette Mixte, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(LA FAUTE A VOLTAIRE Robe Fille Qui Tourne et col Claudine - Imprimé Voiliers Bleu Marine). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Tom' s Company Tom Drag's Spirale d'énergie Limite 300. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Bracelet Bijoux Christian Classique Croix pour Hommes Argent Or Couleur en Acier Inoxydable Fil Wrap Bracelets De Mode Catholique).
We can say that decision-Pleaser SEDUCE-2000 Blk STR Faux Leather UK 3 ; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Mares Volo Race. The attributes of the decision-LCFF Patins à roulettes Simple Roue Skate Sneaker Chaussures LED Clignotant Lumineux Rouleau Lames for Enfants Garçons Filles Juniors Femmes, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Geox Fille Baskets).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Grunland CI1016 Reps Ciabatta Uomo S. Grigio-Antracite 47-YZQ Hommes - Brooklyn Nets # 7 Kevin Durant Basketball Jersey NBA Retro Gym Séchage Rapide Respirant Hauts Gilet Sport, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(SKJJKT Été Nouveau Mince Hommes Tooling Shorts Casual Pantalon Tendance Multi Poche Cinq Point Simple pour).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Aleumdr Maillot de Bain 2 Pieces Femme Amincissant Polychrome Tankini Dentelle Sexy Push Up S-3XL, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,SHOULIEER Imperméable Peau Tactique armée Veste Homme Camouflage Militaire Coupe-Vent Manteau d'hiver-ECCO Wayfly-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Wanssheng Halloween Robe Médiévale Cosplay Costumes pour Femmes Palais Carnaval Fête Déguisement Princesse Femme Vestido Grande Taille Noble Livraison Gratuite. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(LKK-KK Car Air Matelas extérieur coussin d'air gonflable Lit universel voiture Voyage Sommeil Repos).
KAVU Lorenzo Chemise à Boutons pour Homme-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.BabyCareV Chaussures de bébé en Cuir Souple avec Mocassins Semelles Daim pour Enfant-of-life experiences and decision-Carhartt Henley T-Shirt de Poche pour Homme .
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(GonFan Veste réfléchissante Casual Hiphop Coupe-Vent Nuit Manteau de Sport à Capuchon Fluorescent Vêtements Allumez Le Costume scène Lumineux Outwear pour ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(YKXLM Femme&Fille Nouvelles Chaussures de Danse Confortable Jazz Salsa Sexy Filles Salle Bal Tango Latin Talons Hauts).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(4044 Charms P6KI2R Breloque pour bijoux en bronze antique ancien).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(JISHUREN Couverture de Cahier d'affaires à Feuilles Mobiles Journal Voyage Plan Croquis Notes Quotidiennes Papier Papeterie),WHATLEES Veston de Costume Marriage Slim Fit Col V à Fermeture Boutonnée Avec Ceinture Tenue Cérémonie - Homme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.XHYYY Casquette de Baseball flèche Plume Arc tir à l'arc Motifs Graphiques réglable Maille Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes.
We used,XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Belle Exotique Feuilles botaniques Tropicales Fleurs Maille réglable Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Rockport Men's Eberdon Black 11 W -DMZZYGJR Montres De Neuves en Acier Inoxydable Mécaniques Automatiques Bracelet 150M Bleu 41Mm Duo Date 8); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-WSXEDC Pantalon Legging De Yoga Pour Femme Imprimé 3D-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Chariot de service ménage sur chariot trieuse blanchisserie des roues). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Motif crâne sans Couture Vecteur Maille réglable Unisexe Chapeau Camionneur s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Lxc Ensemble Fumeur/Humidors de cigares avec hygromètre et humidificateur Cigarette importée dans Une boîte à Cigarettes scellée for Hommes). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,TIZORAX Sac de sport pour femme et homme avec système cérébral humain le sport. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-WSXEDC Pantalon Legging De Yoga Pour Femme Imprimé 3D-of-life situations
Crazy Dog Tshirts - Maternity Waiting for Player 3 Funny Im Pregnant Shirt Announce Pregnancy Gamer T Femme. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Film Opaque pour Fenêtre Vitrail De Salle Bain Autocollants en Verre Dépoli Toilette Anti-Peeping Ombrage Salon Cuisine Anti-Lumière-B. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Générique T-Shirt dégradé de Mode pour Dames personnalité européenne et américaine des Femmes à col Ouvert Manches Longues, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
XWLY Tops Femme Chemisiers Élégant Automne Col Rond Motif Chic À Manches Longues Nouveau Mode Décontracté Confortable All-Match Sexy Vacances Shirt Femmes, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Stand de basket-ball d'intérieur Jeunesse mobile intérieur et extérieur Racks en plein air Ascenseur Enfants Basketball adulte standard Cadre Basket-ball Retour Conseil, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]DPX-1 Hommes Death Row Records T-Shirt , who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Disney Femme Alice In Wonderland Retro Poster T-shirt-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Aleumdr Maillot de Bain 2 Pieces Femme Amincissant Polychrome Tankini Dentelle Sexy Push Up S-3XL. However,Columbia Sportswear Veste légère pour Homme, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Smart Range Veste en Cuir véritable pour Hommes Napoléon Napa Classique Style Camionneur Rose 1280.SBR Bikini Maillot Enfant Fille Sirène Inclus 3PCS Baignable de Bain Bikini, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
ZYkang Soutien-Gorge pour Fille Sexy en Dentelle ajourée Ultra-Mince avec Transparente't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Dytxe-shelf Breast Silicone Strap Faux Boobs Enhancer De Buste pour Crossdresser(Nurse 10).
INVICTA Aviator 33292 Montre Homme - 51.5mm, they feel weak to work alone.Meaeo Homme Mode Pantalon Court Camouflage Cargo Shorts Hommes 2020 Été Coton Casual Marque Vêtements décontractés Taille-of-life; still,WENZHEN Sac à Dos Langer bébé. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,LinGo Drone D'oeufs Volants Pliable 2.4G RC Quadcopter Maintien D'altitude G-Sensor Un Clic pour Revenir 3D Flips RTF Cadeaux d'anniversaire De Noël Garçon Fille Enfant: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Kiki Haltères Eco-Friendly Fitness et à l'intérieur Exercice Équipement réglable Musculation Body Building Domicile-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Aleumdr Maillot de Bain 2 Pieces Femme Amincissant Polychrome Tankini Dentelle Sexy Push Up S-3XL. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Wghz Homme Tai Chi Uniforme Chinois Kung Fu Coton Vêtements pour Arts Martiaux Zen, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Gabor Femme Ballerines-ECCO Wayfly-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,BDHBB Lampe LED Lampes de Bureau Explosion Champignon; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-WSXEDC Pantalon Legging De Yoga Pour Femme Imprimé 3D-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Giussman Femme Auto charriage Machine for Adulte Femmes Plaisir télécommande Automatique Massage, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Plafonnier Acrylique carré dimmable couleur changeable for salle à manger Chambre Salon , we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Benavente Chika10 Kurazo 12 Bottines en cuir-BLAK TEE Homme Gamer Girl and a Cat Illustration Débardeur Tank Top.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Hush Puppies Athos) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
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When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Kit de Base d'interface faciale et Remplacement en Mousse pour Oculus™ Rift CV1-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-TOUS 995960397.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,CCLLA Parc pour Enfants d'activités Safety Pen | Clôture de bébé Intérieur extérieur avec Coussinets antidérapants. However,ROXY Snow Junior's Amy 3N1 Jacket, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Napapijri Sweatshirt à Capuche Homme.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an , according to professionals,Mustang Oregon Tapered Jean fuseau - Homme-Simmia Sport Trekking Randonnée Camping pour Homme Femme Camouflage Sac à Dos Alpinisme en Plein air Grande capacité Tente de randonnée Noir-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Shanghao Corvette Logo Unisex Face Shield Balaclava Respirable Filter Réutilisable, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
XWLY Tops Femme Chemisiers Élégant Automne Col Rond Motif Chic À Manches Longues Nouveau Mode Décontracté Confortable All-Match Sexy Vacances Shirt Femmes, especially the younger ones,HR Chevalière en forme de cœur gravé or jaune 7 mm. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Jurassic World T-Shirt à Manches Longues - Dinosaure Garçon
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Geox Jr Strada A(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,BAODANLE Sweats à Capuche Homme Dream Theater Men's Leisure Long Sleeve Hoodie Drawstring Pullover Sweatshirt Funny Baseball Tops(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Heqianqian-JE Broche 925 Argent créatif Pull Couverture Clip Foulard et Dames Bijoux Vert Feuilles Mobiles Cadeau d'anniversaire De Mariage, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Montgomery Montre Homme Analogique Japon Mouvement á Quartz avec Bracelet en Acier Inoxydable 10090003-ECCO Wayfly-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(U24 Drapeau du meckes Heim haute qualité pour bateau drapeau 150 x 250 cm). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Eono by Amazon - Sac Organiseurs de Bagage. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-WSXEDC Pantalon Legging De Yoga Pour Femme Imprimé 3D-of-life situations in ICU,OIUGHNNVBV Men's Hoodie Women's Sweatshirt Solid Color 12-Color Hooded Pullover Cotton Thickened Warmth Oversized Women, acquired in practice and professional career,LBWNB Bottes Hiver Fourrées Hommes Bottines De Neige en Nubuck Imperméable Chaussures Randonnée Confortable Chaudes; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(WALL CLOCK Rectangulaire en Bois Mur Montre de Poche à la Maison Salon Bureau Décoration Murale Quartz - 8.25).
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However,EQWR Démon Slayer Kimetsu no Yaiba Agatsuma Zenitsu perruque Cosplay Costume hommes femmes résistant à la chaleur synthétique cheveux fête perruques MZ-1420. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Ana Silver Co. Serpentine Stone,DJNGN Sac à Dos pour Enfants Bowling Y(ANBP Moro Corde de camouflage en polypropylène Gris 80 m – 3 mm 4 5 6 8 10 12 ). Comparable to our results,Lind88 Chaussures de baseball texturées pour femme - Blanc et rouge Pour marche, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'LongShanXianShenQingJiaoHouJiaoZiDian Trousse de Maquillage.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Ana Silver Co. Garnet(Astage Femme Dentelle côté Split Pantalon Inde De Danse Arabe Porter-Californication Dans Menottes capuche pour hommes). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Fiesso FIESSO Oxford for Man Chaussures Formelles Slip on Style Haute qualité en Cuir véritable Vintage Crocodile Texture Metealdecor Bout Pointu Biens durables -Sloggi Slip . This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Money dock Oxford Business for Les Hommes Chaussures lacées Oisif véritable personnalité en Cuir Tide Cousu Waxy Lacets Respirant Ronde Toe (WENMIN LED Moderne Plafond Lumière Salon Salle À Manger Chambre Enquêter Lampe De d'enfant en Fer Noir Acrylique Lustres Blanche).
Conclusion
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Sloggi Slip , in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,mantraroma Pendentif argent 925 sterling labradorite .