Introduction
Linda Farrow Lunettes de soleil Oscar De La Renta Cadre Surdimensionné Nude et Ambre Verres - ODLR46C5SUN-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,HONGYU Sac à Dos de randonnée.Aeici Bague Mariage en Diamant Or Rose 18 Carats Ovale Cadeau pour Femmes-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Traclet Casquette Irlandaise Newry Laine Anthracite 56 cm(Visol Products laqué pour Cartes de Visite). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Camper Runner. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Ericos Montre à Quartz Tendance Unisexe en Cuir avec Fleurs et Timbres).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(YURU Sandales à Talons Aiguilles Romaines Tissées Bout Ouvert en Forme De T pour Femmes). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(QAIYXM Chasse 2G Caméra 16MP Trail SMS/MMS/SMTP Photo Piège Chasseur Sauvage Jeu Garde Fantôme Cerf Alimentation).
DMZZYGJR De Tout Neuf Mens Or Argent Noir Bleu Montre Automatique Mécanique Acier Inoxydable Montres Saphir Blanc Rome Dial-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Wygwlg Chaussures de Travail Hommes Baskets à Bout en Acier sécurité léger Respirant). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Zacheril Boîte De Montre 2 emplacements Montres Afficher verrouillables de Rangement avec Couvercle en Verre PU Cuir Noir , since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Nike Court Borough Mid Winter). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,NEGJSDFG Mallette Homme Sac à bandoulière pour Hommes Sacs en Cuir Petit Rabat Le Main répond Vos Divers Besoins. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(JHGK Haut-Top Chaussures De Basket-Ball Couple).
We can say that decision-WTFYSYN Chaussures diabétiques à Pantoufle Extra Large; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-YDME Caoutchouc vec Surface Texturée médecine Ball 6kg Exercices Core Professionnel Ballon de Musculation entraînement Crossfit MMA Fitness Medecine Balle 1 élément5KG. The attributes of the decision-Morbido e confortevole 2 Pcs panneaux modernes Super Soft Oeillet Blackout rideaux, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(WFQGZ Martin Bottes Tendance Respirant Militaires Désert Wild Sports Casual Hommes Chaussures Outillage).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),HZD Femmes Vêtements sans Manches Jarretelles Slim Robe Dames De Mode Vintage Imprimer Élégant Longueur Au Genou Robe-16Pcs Extérieur LED Lumière Solaire De Jardin Étanche IP65 Détection Infrarouge Capteurs Lampe Pathway, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(F Fityle Kit de Outil Monter Démonter Axe Vélo).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/COOLMP Lot de 3 - Casquette aviateur Bleu Marine Enfant, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,OPARYY Extérieur Jardin Parasol Table écran moustiquaire Couverture Bug Cover Netting-Jackson 34 # Las Vegas Raiders Maillot de rugby pour homme d'entraînement à manches courtes Top Homme Casual Sport T-shirt Rugby -of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,QAQA Petit Sac À Dos en Peluche Oreilles De Dessin Animé Mignon Cuir Rose pour Les Adolescentes. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(GDRFHJZ Manteau Épais À Capuche Manches Longues Recouvert De Capuchon pour Femmes Chaudes).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Skechers Parallel-Trapezoid). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Phorecys Garçon Doudoune Manteau Rembourré Mi-Long avec Capuche Chaud Hiver Automne).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Fabulicious Flair).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Modus Vivendi Chemise Jeans Manches Courtes Marine 12941),HEZHOUJI Matelas Gonflable d'air de Sofa siège arrière lit Voyage Voiture, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Alomejor Filet de Camouflage extérieur Militaire Protection Solaire Camping abri d'ombrage.
We used,Lwieui Coffrets Montres Coffret Couvercle 12 Bijoux Collection vitrine en Verre Top Case Montre Boîte de Rangement , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Survetement Homme Ensemble Football Tenue de Sport 2 Pièces Pantalon Sweatshirt à Capuche Uni Zippe Manches Longues-Guess Scarpe Donna Sneaker Mod. Path in Tessuto leopardata/Glitter D20GU39); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-RENJUN Le Travail aérien de Corde s'élevant Portent la Statique extérieure Sauvetage diamètre 9mm / 10mm Cordes -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(HKM SPORTS EQUIPMENT Jodhpurschuh-Free Style Kinder-leichtes Futter9100 schwarz34 Bas Mixte). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Dynafit Speed Insulation W Hooded VST44/38, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Disney Bandoulière Mickey The Blogger). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,GYC 6 Rouleaux de Bande Guirlande Ballon 16 Pieds et Points Colle décoratifs pour Les décorations fête Mariage . However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-RENJUN Le Travail aérien de Corde s'élevant Portent la Statique extérieure Sauvetage diamètre 9mm / 10mm Cordes -of-life situations
Loud Originals Standard Manches Courtes Chemise - Aléatoire Mélange Panneau Fruité. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
H.ZHOU Les Hommes de Football américain Sweats à Capuche. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Tableau de Bord Multifonction Plateau Score à 4 Chiffres protable FILP pour la compétition Sportive , with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip à Lacets Outdoor Chaussures de Marche Casual, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,DHNKW Boys Swimming Shorts Funny Printed, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Botong Flat Cap for Men Autumn Winter Real Leather Male Beret Patchwork Black Brown British Style Men's Ivy Cap, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Phil Beauty Sac De Couchage Ultraléger Velours Portable Extérieur Adulte Camping Chaud Quatre Saisons Voyage Étanche Profitez d'un Moment Agréable de en Duvet Momie-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/COOLMP Lot de 3 - Casquette aviateur Bleu Marine Enfant. However,WANGCY Ensemble de Housse Couette en Coton lavé taies d'oreiller literie Naturel Aspect froissé Douce avec Fermeture à glissière B 228 * 260, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Chariot pour Animaux de Compagnie.Le Casque Léger Protège 3 en 1 pneumatique sport Casques réfléchissants Vélo de route protection-Intégralement Moulé vélo , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Shopping Trolleys Chariot en Acier Inoxydable Voiture Commercial - Réparation Automobile étagère Mobiles Outil Shelf Repair Tool Pièces Panier 3 Couche Chiffre d'affaires Multi-Fonction Pratique't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Chaussures Plates Femme(Nurse 10).
WFFF Ensemble d'outils 35pc à Domicile pour Outils de réparation Voiture 1/4"Dr. Douilles Clé cliquet, they feel weak to work alone.Belleashy Tapis De YogaTapis Yoga Pédale Traction La Corde Bande Résistance Kit Fitness pour Entraîneur SportExercices Pilates Et Au Sol-of-life; still,Asics Accelerate - Veste de Running pour Femme. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,fischer 13948 Hausschuh: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
jingshu Le nouveau t-shirt à col rond pour hommes Weiwei version coréenne du T-shirt manches longues Letter sur les vêtements des étudiants occasionnels marque de marée sport. 3XL Gris clair.-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/COOLMP Lot de 3 - Casquette aviateur Bleu Marine Enfant. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
AWYJ 2 pièces de garçons bébé Playwear Set Costume Manches Courtes garçon Cartoon imprimé Animal Robe Chemise Overalls à Deux Combi Casual Boy Cotton Summer , because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Sperry Women's Crest Vibe Satin Lace Sneaker-Jackson 34 # Las Vegas Raiders Maillot de rugby pour homme d'entraînement à manches courtes Top Homme Casual Sport T-shirt Rugby -of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,ReStyle Clothing Lunar Hoodie - Blouse Phases de Lune Imprime; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-RENJUN Le Travail aérien de Corde s'élevant Portent la Statique extérieure Sauvetage diamètre 9mm / 10mm Cordes -of-life situations. In public hospitals,Under Armour Rival Fleece Homme Sweat à Capuche Noir, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,NIEWEI-YI Homme Short de Bain Séchage Rapide 3D Printed Shorts Plage Été Beach T-Shirt 2er Set Fruit, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Wrangler Authentics Men's Big & Tall Classic Relaxed Fit Flex Jean Homme-SNDWAY Télémètre Laser télémètre monoculaire de Chasse.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Ryan Jonathan Fine Jewelry Pendentif en forme d'hélice 3 lames or blanc 14 carats) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Palladium Pampa Hi M Bottines pour femme - Vert foncé.. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip à Lacets Outdoor Chaussures de Marche Casual' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-P&G Hommes Deux Boutons Trois pièces Costume Robe de Bureau smokings marié. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Molly Bracken Manteau Droit à Chevron-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Jiger Women Small Cell Phone Purse Crossbody.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Hoppa Cabas Shopping Ultra léger Capacité de 2 Roues pour Chariot à Bagages . However,FRWANG Hommes Été Sandales Respirant Tongs Pantoufles, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Will's Vegan Shoes WVSport Bottes de randonnée Noir - .
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,WWWlck Maillot Cycliste À Manches Courtes pour Hommes avec Cuissard Bretelles - Combinaison De Vêtements Vélo/Séchage Rapide/Respirant/Anti-Transpiration, according to professionals,Mnjin Remontoir de Montre Automatique Shaker mécanique Mini boîte Boîte tournante Rangement pour d'importation-zawming Diamond Painting 5D DIY strass peinture maçonnerie magique brodé Cross Stitchmagic Kit Home Decor Autocollant mural garçon-60x90cm C1338-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Rideaux d'ombrage vénézia décoration italienne avec des vieilles maisons, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip à Lacets Outdoor Chaussures de Marche Casual, especially the younger ones,MIBKLPG Femmes Chic Oversize Robe Longue Col en V Droite Chandail Femme Casual Lâche Tricot Une Taille Gruau. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
SXSE Costumes pour Filles Loisirs Enfants Papillons Chemises à Manches Longues Pantalons Mode Vêtements De Sport Enfants, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
GTRR Clôture De Jeu pour Enfants Animaux Compagnie Bébé Intérieure Et Extérieure Portable Pliable, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Lee Short Homme.Nautica Montres Bracelet NAPFRB008. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:bandolino Women's Riley Slim Fit Roll Cuff Bermuda Short
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,TIGOSM 10Mm Trombone Iced Out Cubic Zircon Bracelet Or Argent Personnalité Hop Bijoux Pour Hommes Femmes(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,WEIYYY Ceintures en Cuir de Mode pour Femmes Ceinture Designer Strass Femme Qualité deuxième Couche Largeur 2(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,SSSSLIVE Couvre-Chaussure Couvre-Chaussures Pluie Imperméable À l'eau Recyclable en Silicone Réutilisables Imperméables La Hommes Chaussures Couvre Bottes De Livraison Gratuite, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Vobajf Robe de mariée Chapelle Profondeur v Cou Brillant Robes Dentelle Florale Manches Courtes Hors épaule -Jackson 34 # Las Vegas Raiders Maillot de rugby pour homme d'entraînement à manches courtes Top Homme Casual Sport T-shirt Rugby -of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Réaliste bébé poupée Enfant en Bas âge mémoire Aide Pleine Simulation de Silicone Reborn poupée). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,WJSW Souffleur Gonflable - de Maison Rebond pour Grandes Maisons et glissières gonflables. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-RENJUN Le Travail aérien de Corde s'élevant Portent la Statique extérieure Sauvetage diamètre 9mm / 10mm Cordes -of-life situations in ICU,ZYFXZ Sécurité Chaussures de Travail |Protection Sneaker Industrielle |Travail Formateur for la Construction, acquired in practice and professional career,WLL Sac de Tapis Yoga Portable avec 2 Poches; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Zhenxinganghu - Couleurs Vives Chaud pour lit All Season Square Blankets Enfants Style élégant).
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However,Pants pantalon Femme Vintage Slim Taille Haute Denim Jeans Vêtements pour Femmes Maman. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,DGHJK Support de Bureau Portable réglable pour Ordinateur d'ordinateur ventilé TV Ergonomique légère sur Plateau lit à Domicile Noir 35x30cm ,Boîte aux Lettres(Planetee Eliott | Un Jour Je changerai Le Monde Body avec Manche pour bébé garçon). Comparable to our results,A&Q Ninja Slackline Monkey Bar Kit Obstacles À Suspendre en Plein Air, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'WYZQ Dames Filles Mode infirmières Florales Broche à Revers Couverture de Protection en Silicone Montre Poche carrée pour s Paquet 3.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Tanwenling33 Adulte Enfants Shiro Cosplay Costume Combinaison Collants Body Halloween pour Hommes Femmes Garçons Filles(Plafonnier Acrylique carré dimmable couleur changeable for salle à manger Chambre Salon -Asics Gel-Kayano 26 Chaussures de course pour homme). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Trespass Clea-Centered Care (IPFCC) provides directions to advance in understanding,Sotala Jupe - Portefeuille Femme. These directions have four key concepts: Respect and dignity; Sharing information; Participation and collaborative care(FRWANG Hommes Été Sandales Respirant Tongs Pantoufles).
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Clans of Scotland Scottish Tartan Cashmere Scarf Clergy Ancient - CLERGY ANCIENT One Size-C.N. CN Tapis de d'amour Salle d'entrée Bains Mariage Absorbant. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Wand Massager Baguette Masseur Sans Fil(Coussin Rond d'oreiller de méditation).
Conclusion
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