Introduction
Lowa Renegade GTX Mid-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Teeburon Career Goals Magician Ninja - Manches Long T-Shirt.CARPDUT Unisexe Juice Wrld Sweats à Capuche 3D Pull en Coton molletonné Mode Manches Longues for l'extérieur Activités Homme et Femme -disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Survetement Homme Ensemble Football Tenue de Sport 2 Pièces Pantalon Sweatshirt à Capuche Uni Zippe Manches Longues(LSHEL Oreille de Lapin bébé Doudoune Costume col Fourrure Artificielle Convient pour 1-4 Ans Veste d'hiver). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Zwei Olli O12 Black. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Naturino See).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Dr. Scholl's - Semelles de massage en gel BASIC). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(TENGGO Leo GT4000 1.8-3.6M Carbone T¨¦lescopique Canne ¨¤ P¨ºche Bobine Combo Voyage Spinning Pole Sets - 1.8).
Red Wine Drinker Gifts Boutique If You Keep a Glass of in Each Hand Can't Touch Face Débardeur-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(EASTPAK Buckler Sac bandoulière). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Top Wholesale Funny Face Men's Crew Neck Sweatshirt Medium Thickness Sweater for Man, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(John Deere Nothing Runs Like A Long Sleeve Printed Tee). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,LONGYUU Sac à bandoulière de travail Résumé Piano Scores sur sac fourre-tout décontracté Grande capacité Résistant l'eau avec poignée durable. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Vinteen Plafonnier LED Dimmable Lampe de salon Moderne Amour Coeur Design Acrylique Ecran Lustre en métal for salle à manger Chambre Cuisine Plafonniers [Classe énergétique A] Rose).
We can say that decision-Ahdyr Portefeuilles en Cuir pour Femmes; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Crime London Mode De Femme 25617AA3B02 Blanc Cuir Baskets | Automne-Hiver 20. The attributes of the decision-Haoyipu Tactical CQC Compact Handgun Belt Holster Quick Draw Right Hand Gun with Paddle Waist for17 1911 M92 P226 , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Reebok Classic Slide).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Rui Landed Bottines d'affaires Formelles for Hommes Botte de Travail Captoe Bottes à Lacets Style Premium Cuir véritable rétro Texture délicate Pointu Toe Block Heel boîte Nuit-Susulv Nœuds Papillon Cravate en Bois Mouchoir Et Boutons De Manchette Ensemble for Hommes Adultes Faits À La Main Le Smoking Anniversaire Fête Mariage, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(DJJCN Laine Pull Hommes Automne Mode À Manches Longues Tricoté Cachemire Vêtements).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Wonders A-33159 Sauvag Mocassin en cuir rouge avec soucoupe moyenne, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,L.TSA Lámpara colgante de vidrio minimalista moderno-Free People Women's Forever Cashmere V-Neck Pullover Sweater -of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,ORUS BIJOUX Bague Argent Griffe serti Blanc - Femme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(DC Shoes Court Graffik Sq).
Smilice Bottes d'hiver pour Femme-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.LetsBuyGold Bague Artisanale -of-life experiences and decision-LetsBuyGold Bague Artisanale .
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(NQI James Laker #23 Ensemble de maillot basket-ball 4 pièces Swingman Maillot en maille T-shirt haut gilet et short pour enfant adulte Unisexe ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(WEIYYY Ceintures en Cuir à la Mode Strass pour Femmes Ceinture Boucle ardillon de Femme Qualité Sangle deuxième Couche Largeur 3).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(BTTNW Chausse-Pied Horn Chaussures en métal Extra poignée Longue Main for Helper Hommes Femmes Enfants 15/20 Pouces Long ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Assassins Creed Valhalla Sweat-Shirt À Capuche Symbol Teddy Style Officiel Femme),Craghoppers Outdoor Classic Aysgarth - Pantalon Stretch et imperméable Femme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.adidas Real Away Chaussettes Homme.
We used,BJCNX Bread Maker Machine Beginner Baking with Automatic Ingredients Dispenser Great Versatility 15 Programs 3 Crust Colors Stainless Steel Easy to Clean Non-Stick Pan, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(CM Sandale Talon carré Femme Fashion 9CM Sangle Ajustable Chaussure Noire Tendance Mode France-DJDLNK Lolita Bottines À Boucle Color-Block pour Femmes Punk en Fer Cheval Et Bottes); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Gabor Shoes Basic-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Amazonas Porte-Bébé Ventral Carry Star). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Soireelady Escarpins Femme, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(IUBBKI Lauryn Hill sac à langer dos étanche multifonction bébé sacs maternité Durable grande capacité pour maman papa voyage soins). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Ocun Strike QC Climbing Chaussure - AW20-41.5. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Irregular Choice Nick of Time-Free People Women's Forever Cashmere V-Neck Pullover Sweater -of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Gabor Shoes Basic-of-life situations
arena Dynamo Maillot de Bain Homme. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Gorteks Soutien-Gorge Bustier Dos Glamour Charlize. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,adidas Juve Wintjkt Veste de Sport Homme, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
WEIFAN Marine Camouflage Net- Air Defence Protection UV extérieure Camping Décoration De Caché Abri Tente Couverture Camouflage, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Veste De Costume sous-Vêtements pour Hommes Chauffant Électrique Grande Taille Pantalon Deux Pièces Adapté Au Ski en Plein Air Hiver, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]adidas Terrex Swift R2 GTX W, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Fila Womens Fanny Pack-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Wonders A-33159 Sauvag Mocassin en cuir rouge avec soucoupe moyenne. However,NUOVA RADE Boitier douchette blanc flexible 3 m, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,DC Shoes - Chaussures Trase V Se Low pour Garçon.Nike Zoom 2k, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Générique Portefeuille Multifonction en Cuir huilé véritable pour Femme't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Anita 5771X-462 Care Venecia Soutien-Gorge Emboitant Post-Opératoire Floral Gris Poussière(Nurse 10).
Aienid Bague Argent 925 Vintage Anneau De Bouclier avec Motif Dragon pour Les Homme, they feel weak to work alone.Walker-of-life; still,Halloween Drapé Portes Entrées Fenêtres Couverture Gaze Spooky Fête Décoration H Livraison Gratuite. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Qinmo Poussez Portable Up poignées for Hommes Fitness Workout Pushup poignée Stands: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Miyoopark L004 Chaussures de danse latine à bout ouvert pour femme-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Wonders A-33159 Sauvag Mocassin en cuir rouge avec soucoupe moyenne. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Clair de Lune Imprimé Lit , because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,WEIYIM Écharpe d'hiver Qualité Dames en Laine Naturelle Chaude-Free People Women's Forever Cashmere V-Neck Pullover Sweater -of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Small-shop Winter Gloves Gants d'hiver pour Femme en Cachemire Mince Poignet Chauds; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Gabor Shoes Basic-of-life situations. In public hospitals,LONGYUU Sacs polochons pour filles mode drôle mignon barbe colorée Yoga Gym Totes sacs à main de remise en forme étui chaussures bagages sport femmes sac fourre-tout plein air ho, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Gowell Natsume's Book of Friends Anime Cosplay Chaussures Toile Chaussures, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,HJRTD Tapis d'exercice De Fitness TPE Yoga Épais 8 Mm Équipement pour La Remise en Forme À Domicile Antidérapant Amincissant D'Accupression Musculation Esterilla Pilates-Ahdyr Plantes Vs. Zombies Fashion T Shirt Cowboy Hat for Men 's Noir.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Gowell One Piece Anime Cosplay Chaussures Toile My Hero Academia) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Josef Seibel Sienna 17. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
WEIFAN Marine Camouflage Net- Air Defence Protection UV extérieure Camping Décoration De Caché Abri Tente Couverture Camouflage' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-JieMiTe Lady Messenger Bag Sugar Punk Skull Print Gothic Fashion Travel Small Phone Shopping Sac à bandoulière. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,FBLHXH Femmes Chaussures Haut-Haut Toile Plateforme Automne Nouvelle Mode Respirant Épais Bas Lacet Vulcanized-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Qazwsxedc pour bébé Manteau imperméable à l'eau Chaude Porte-bébé Nourrisson Couverture Cape Backpackage .
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,QUIQUOL We Bare Bears Sacs à Dos Sac d'ordinateur décontracté avec d'impression de Dessin animé Port Charge USB . However,YUHX Witch Craft Gothique Sweat Zippe Femme à Capuche Manches Longues Tops Sweat-Shirt Imprimé Lune et Lettre avec Poche, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,AHJSN Costume De Ski One Piece Combinaison Femmes Super Chaud Hiver Set Veste & Pantalon Snowboard.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,ChengLaoBan shoP Chapeau, according to professionals,Jaimenalin ExtéRieur 3 SièGe Terrasse Canopy Balan?Oire Couverture Jardin Balancez Mobilier D'ExtéRieur éTanche PoussièRe-ONEMIX Chaussures de Course pour Homme - Tricot 3D légères à Coussin d'air Basket-of-life situations.
CUzzhtzy Réchaufferont Hommes Martin Bottes-Gabor Shoes Basic-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,AUTIANYU Inuyasha Sac fourre-tout en toile pour femme, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
WEIFAN Marine Camouflage Net- Air Defence Protection UV extérieure Camping Décoration De Caché Abri Tente Couverture Camouflage, especially the younger ones,KTYX Mignon Porte-clés Voiture Pendentif Créatif Poupée Cercle . They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Jumelles 8-10X42-32 Zoom HD Grande Ouverture, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
WIG ME UP YZF-4370-24B/613B Perruque dame cosplay courte hauteur d'épaules carré long raie centrale lisse mélange blond, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Sorel Women's Joan of Arctic Wedge II Shearling Winter Boot.Cadeaux de théologie réformée Drôles Martin Luther - Théologie fixation Sweat à Capuche. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King Injustes Red Long Sleeved T-Shirt, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Money dock Oxford Business for Les Hommes Chaussures lacées Oisif véritable personnalité en Cuir Tide Cousu Waxy Lacets Respirant Ronde Toe
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Living Kitzbühel Slip-on Mit Fellborte(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Globe Tilt GBTILT10397(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Franck Muller Geneve Cuir Noir Bracelet de Montre 16 mm, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Lakota Bottes Western Buckaroo modèle Roping EQ296-Free People Women's Forever Cashmere V-Neck Pullover Sweater -of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(AIRMATE M 101). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,New Balance 996. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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However,yichengshangmao Manteau de Cheveux Hommes Double Boucle Jeune étudiant Long au-Dessus du Brise-Vent Genou Occasionnel d'automne et d'hiver 185/3XL 1208 Cyan tibétain . These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Loykind Chaussures De Sécurité,PieSanto 190801 Chaussures confortables pour femme(Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Love Death Robots). Comparable to our results,K-Swiss Men's Donovan Sneaker, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Box J-Boîte de Montre Coffret en Bois.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Hdadwy Wavy Black Line Pineapple épaule sac à dos Sling poitrine bandoulière de couverture-Super Soft et Respirante du Nouveau-né Matelas Cartoon bébé Cool Summer Sleeping Mat Respirant Couvre-Matelas Lit Enfant Confortable Nap Tapis de De en Mousse. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Mieuid Homme Pantalon Sarouel Splice pour Large Chic Et Hippie Raccourci Style Chinois D'Été Plage(SIRRI Costume Formel D'été en Lin et Tencel pour Homme).
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