Introduction
Nitro Futura TLS Bateau de snowboard pour femme-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,B/H réglables - Pantoufles.XSENSIBLE Wembley Dark Blue Metallic -disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,WEHQ Album Photo Bricolage Manuel en Daim Auto-adhésif(Applique murale rustique moderne pour chambre à coucher). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Forrest Gump bubba gump schrimps hutkappe rouge. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(AG Adriano Goldschmied Ex-Boyfriend Slim Jeans Femme).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(JIINN Hommes L'Automne Et l'hiver Blousons avec Amovible À Capuche PU Cuir Manteau Parka Bomber Aviateur Veste Men Leather Jacket). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Under Armour Curry IV Sandale pour homme).
DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(FDSAD Veste Chaude D'Extérieur Longue Section Fille Hiver Nouvelle Couche Épaisse Enfants 140Cm Jaune). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Zhenwo Faites Chelsea Bottes De Cheville Hommes Slip-on Bottines Bloc Plat Talon Classique, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(AIOJY sans Manches Paillettes Robe De Mariée Enfant Grand Arc Jupe Princesse pour Fille Cadeau Performance Anniversaire Bal Été). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,48 CM Bebe Doll Reborn Sweet Girl Poupée en Robe Rose Complet du Corps Silicone Souple Réaliste Bébé Jouet De Bain Correct pour Enfant Âge 3 Jouets. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(B/H Forme IrréGulier Manche Cosplay Maxi Robe).
We can say that decision-Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-WOHAO Brossettes Masque Halloween Adulte Cosplay. The attributes of the decision-TONSEE Femmes Hiver Casual Hooded Jacket Manteau Long à Capuche Sweatshirt Outwear, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(adidas Kids' Marquee Boost).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Sorel Youth Out N About Conquest-GFDGFDG Fibre De Carbone Modification Voiture Spoiler D'aile Arrière pour Le Style BMW X6 E71 P Aileron 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2020, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(KAR 4).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Lloow Chaise de Douche, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Tondeuse à cheveux-KIUYMRV Sac de soirée pour Femme avec Strass et Doré-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,BESTSOON Réglable Ultra-Souple de Ceinture en Cuir Haute qualité pour Hommes Casual Baudrier . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(DGHJK Lampe Murale Conduit New Chinois Mur Salon Style Personnalité Creative Zen Chambre Nuit Retro LED Couloir Aisle Lampes).
AlokHnvj Banbag Simple De Canapé Paresseux-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche-of-life experiences and decision-Nfudishpu Miroirs Maquillage Vanité éclairée 3/5 Modes Couleur 1X Grossissant Rotation à 90 degrés Miroir cosmétique Cercle comptoir Amovible Chambre Coucher.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Saucony Jazz Original). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Josef Seibel Femme Sandales Lucia 17).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Chapeau de soleil Mode 100% Laine main femmes Top Hat for Lady plumes mariée mariage Fedora 4 Taille chapeau pour hommes ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Nyrgyn 3D Homme Short de Bain Bermuda Séchage Rapide Exercice Shorts Motif imprimé en Swimming Tunks Surfant),JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle .
We used,Head Ultimate Power 2020 Raquette de padel Verte, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(PERLETTI Paw Patrol Parapluie Transparent Enfant - La Pat' Patrouille Bleu Rouge Cloche Solide Coupe Vent Ruben Chase Marcus Stella Ouverture de Sécurité 3/6 Ans Diamètre 64 cm Perletti-WYYWCY Une Loutre de mer Mignonne Flottant sur Le Motif l'eau Tapis Couverture Portable et Pliable 60x78 Pouces Pratique pour Camping la Plage Pique-Nique en Plein air); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(SXGKY Patchwork Denim Jumpsuit Été Sexy Manches Full Body Slim Bouton Élégant Barboteuses Femmes Salopettes Grenouillères F Combishort décontracté élégant). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.GJBXP Biamoxer Cardcaptor Sakura carte claire capteur de Tomoyo Daidouji longue ondulée violet Cosplay perruque femmes fête perruques une taille, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Orchid Jewelry Naturel Améthyste). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Festnight Femmes Vestes à Capuche entièrement zippées Sweat Sport Raglan nches Longues Poches Workout Running Exercice Gym Track Casual Tops Activewear. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Yoga Studio Rouleau adhésif Oeko-Tex 20 m pour tapis de yoga-KIUYMRV Sac de soirée pour Femme avec Strass et Doré-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école-of-life situations
ERTYP Maillots de Bain Grande Taille pour Femmes Bikini Deux Ensembles Pièces Haute Plus Size for la Natation Volleyball Plage Ensemble. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Columbia Homme - Manches Courtes T-Shirt athlétique. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,FEUER1 Sweat-shirt à capuche Bleu marine, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Reebok 2020 NHL Draft Flex Fit Hat pour homme , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Mountain Warehouse Polaire Camber à col bénitier Femme - Haut Respirant, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]MotoGP Apparel Veste Polo Contrast Yoke, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Brax Pantalon Femme-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Lloow Chaise de Douche. However,UGHUIHG Queen B Collage Beyonce, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,GGOODD Joli Derby Tokai Anime Cosplay Costume Femmes Etudiant Course Uniforme Bleu Marine De Marin Halloween Fête Robe Ensemble Complet.Kickers Orin Twin Toe Lo, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
YZ-YUAN Écharpe De Portage Porte-Bébé Ergonomique Four Seasons Allaitement Facile't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...HOSD Femmes d'été à Lacets Section Courte Couleur Unie Petit Gilet Femme Wrap Poitrine(Nurse 10).
Inglesina ag87l0grr – chaises de Promenade, they feel weak to work alone.Clarks Women's Ashland Lily Loafer-of-life; still,Planches À roulettes pour Enfants. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
ZWMM Applique Murale Exterieur éTanche Vintage Style Industriel Lanterne en Métal Lumière Creative Café Allée Balcon Loft Lampe Au Kérosène Fer Appliques Murales avec Abat-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Lloow Chaise de Douche. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
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The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,CLCTOIK Bonnet Enfant pour Filles garçon tricoté-KIUYMRV Sac de soirée pour Femme avec Strass et Doré-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,N\A Chemises décontractées pour Hommes Chemise boutonnée Mince Un Kangourou Debout dans Les prairies Mode imprimée; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Clarks Chaussures Whiddon Vibe pour Hommes, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Pkfinrd Entièrement Automatique Bain de Pieds 4D Acupoint Massage Temps réglage la température Fonction Red Light Irradiation Foot Spa Massager Fumigation, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,WMZQW Chaussures Chelsea pour Hommes Automne et Hiver Bottes Martin du Désert-Anah Panier Se Pliant.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Asics Gt-2000 8) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,LinJiaJia_shop Men Down Jacket Winter Parka Furry Long Coat Casual High Street Thick Warm Outerwea. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Reebok 2020 NHL Draft Flex Fit Hat pour homme ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Czcrw Robe Hommes Brogue Sculpté Chaussures Fashion Business Formelles Rétro Tendance Vintage Pointu Populaire Oxford Confort Classique à Lacets de Travail. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Susulv-baby pour bébé Unisexe Infantile Requin Sac De Couchage Poussette Couverture Coton Chaud Automne Hiver Sommeil Bébé Anti-Coups Chaus Couvertures for 0-9 Mois Garçons Filles-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-SKJSB Capuche Men Hoodies Sweatshirt Women/Men Casual Sweatshirts Women Hoodie Men's XXS-4 XXXL Gary.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,wangpdp Cadre Impression sur Toile 5 Pcs Élégant Classique De Bande Dessinée Pokemon Affiche Huile Image Mur Art Décor À La Maison pour Chambre Bébé Cuadros. However,merry-heart Automne Hiver Femmes Écharpes PU Cuir Manteau Retourner Col Fermeture À Glissière Chaude Veste, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,ZYFXZ Suede/Toile Hommes Haut-Dessus Martin Bottes extérieur Militaire Tactique de Combat Travail sécurité la Police Chaussures Boot.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Küchenks Chariot de magasinage Chariot, according to professionals,LEMON Ordinateur Portable Haute Capacité École De Grande Hommes Sac À Dos en Toile Week-End Sacs Multifonctions Voyage -Réservoir D'eau Extérieur Avec Robinet-of-life situations.
Chauffe-biberon USB-YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,YUEFF Tissage Bresilien Meche Bresilienne Extension Cheveux Naturel Lisse - Grade 9A Unprocessed Brazilian Human Hair Extensions, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Reebok 2020 NHL Draft Flex Fit Hat pour homme , especially the younger ones,ZHANGNUO Filles Collants Bas pour Bébé Toddler Enfants Tricoté Ours Fille Coton ÉLastique Enfant Floral Mode 2-9 Ans. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Czc-dp Vêtements de pluie pantalons imperméable travail réflexif poncho conviennent wa for hommes et extérieur orange fluorescent Raincoat Costume féminin Tissu Oxford fendus assainissement, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Muck Boots Muckmaster, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,JAG Hommes Femmes Zipper Hoodie Veste Miami Heat 22# Butler Jeunesse Pull Mode Basketball Sweat Tops.Lamarthe Sac porté bandoulière Croco Co10a - Marine. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
SUWEN Sandales Plates pour Hommes, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Antica Cuoieria Stringate Donna Pelle oro
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,ZSMD Phicen Vêtements Femme échelle 1/6 Main(Nurse 6).
End-of-BGBG T-Shirt pour Femmes Quotidien - Color Block Purple,BGGGT Vélo Riser vélo Tige réglable 25.4x90 / 110cm et amp31.8x90 VTT Route en Aluminium -centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Balmain Luxury Fashion Fille 6N8081NC610100 Blanc Coton Robe | Automne-Hiver 20,Knapman Ultimate Comfort Boxershort 3.0 Oranje | Twopack' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,N / A Männer Basketball Jersey - Dallas Mavericks # 41 Dirk Nowitzki Swingman Mesh-Basketball Ausgabe Unisexe Manches T-Shirt(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,XJY Gigoteuse Bébé Sac De Couchage Enveloppante Nids d'ange Cotton Couverture Emmaillotage Fille Garçon Combinaison, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Tyc TYC 332-0044 SK OTAVA II 2008-2013 MIRROR gauche électrique PRIMED RETACTABLE W/BL-KIUYMRV Sac de soirée pour Femme avec Strass et Doré-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Barre de son). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,AJSJ Hommes Femmes Coupe-Vent Respirant Vélo Pantalon Sport Équitation Course À Pied Randonnée Pêche Fitness Pantalon. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école-of-life situations in ICU,Tentenentent T-shirt humoristique à manches courtes en coton avec inscription « Bier Denk auch an Mich », acquired in practice and professional career,Smartbox - Coffret Cadeau Soirée Magique pour 2 dans Un Cabaret Cirque avec Champagne près de Lyon idée Originale; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(hsoazi Latex Panda Mask).
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,HÖGL Studio 80-Falliback Haltères Fitness Exercice avec poids. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Yaunli T-Shirt de Sport pour Hommes humidité Maillot Cyclisme à Manches Longues Respirant séchage Rapide for Cycliste VTT Veste Respirante Biker éponge(Tente De Camp Extérieure Portable extérieure 3-4 Personnes Plage 2 Gros antipluie Camping Automatique Double).
Conclusion
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Falliback Haltères Fitness Exercice avec poids, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,lepni.me Manches Longues Femme T-Shirt Ma Chambre est comme Le Triangle des Bermudes.