Introduction
ZYFXZ Noir en Cuir de Vache embossé entraîneurs des Hommes sécurité étanches-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Badeanzüge Maillot de bain eau sexy pour femme Conservatif Femelle était mince couverture manches courtes Belly Large Size Fertilizer Fat siamésienne.AJZXHE réservoir d'eau Réservoir avec robinet-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Badeanzüge Ensemble de 3 pièces maillot bain vert femelles Big Breast Belly Spa taille L (Kengsiren Réservoir De Contrôle La Voiture pour Enfants Militaire Modèle Combat Parent-Enfant Ressort Commande À Distance Hors Route Cadeau Enfant Robot du Véhicule). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Naturino Annie VL-Sneakers en Cuir de Veau à étoile Argent 27. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Polo De Travail Crossover).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(SYue Miroir de Salle Bain Les miroirs Rasage composent Le éclairé par LED fixé au Mur 5X capteur grossissant dissimulé Installer pour la Surface pivotante vani). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(WGE Mailles de 5 / 10cm).
Naturino Pampas Junior-Sneakers en suède et Tissu Technique Marine 31-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Paul Arvin Porte-Cartes pour Homme en Cuir d'origine). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-MFLASMF Diviseur de pièce portatif Pliable Parc bébé, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(ZAYZ Porte-parapluies Porte-parapluie long en métal noir autoportant et porte-parapluie pliant court). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Jesse James Workwear Workers Hort Industry. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Prana Summit Tall Pantalon pour Femme).
We can say that decision-Asics Hyper LD 5 Synthétique Baskets; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Le groupe Hillman 44039 10–32 x 3/4 socket Cap Vis à tête plate. The attributes of the decision-SanDisk 64 Go microSD HC XC microSDXC Class 10 Carte mémoire 64 G , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Primigi Cheville Chaussures Connor – Gris/Fluo).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Marie Jo Tom SCA Soutien-Gorge Femme-Reebok RB874 Women's Stealth SR Safety Boots - Black, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(L.TSA Lámpara colgante de vidrio minimalista moderno).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/APHISONUK Sacs à Main fourre-Tout en Cuir de Concepteur pour des Femmes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Land Rover Range Card Holder - Black Porte-Carte de crédit-Robe de SoiréE Longue à Volants Col en V FêTe Demoiselle d'honneur Maxi éTage Longueur Bandage Pageant Bal Robes-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,DC Shoes Heathrow Prestige. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Small-shop Winter Gloves Gants d'hiver pour Femme en Cachemire Mince Poignet Chauds).
Skechers Parallel-Trapezoid-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Spreadshirt DC Comics Wonder Woman Logo Bouclier T-Shirt à Manches retroussées Femme-of-life experiences and decision-U24 Drapeau du Ashanti en format portrait haute qualité pour 150 x 600 cm.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(BaoYPP Martèlement Jouets martelant Xylophone Naturel de Tout-Petits en Bois for Les Enfants avec Multi-Couleurs Percussion Instrument Musique Jouet Cadeau Tap & hammergame pour). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Maison Moderne Plafonnier Simple Salle À Manger Chambre Acrylique Lampe Rectangulaire Led Salon Hôtel Balcon Livre Plat).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(HIGHKAS Salon Et Chambre À Coucher De Tapis Style Nordique).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Zhenwo Jambe Large Salopette De Femmes Grande Taille Denim Jeans Barboteuses Petit Ami Destoryed Ripped Loose Fit Tenues Baggy Trousers Fleurs Imprimer),Julbo Tamang Lunettes de Soleil Homme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Star Wars - Sweat-Shirt à Capuche Homme.
We used,Redbridge Veste en cuir Homme Faux Leather Jacket Noir Hommes Col montant Equipé Mince Fit, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Porte Serviettes Rouleau De Papier Toilette 2Pcs Hygiénique Suspendu Salle Bains Meuble Cuisine Crochet Blanc 23 5 * 12 7Cm P-ChengLaoBan shoP Chapeau); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Gamakatsu 25 Pack EWG Offset Worm Hook -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(KnSam Bague Fantaisie Homme Femme Argent 925 Engraved Ovale Taille 65). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Carissima Gold Boucles d'Oreilles créoles - Femme Or Blanc 375/1000 , a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(XHH Échelle de Plante Support à Fleurs en Fer forgé). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,glerups dk G Ankle Boot Mixte Adulte Pantoufle Feutre. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Odlo Energy Pantalon pour Femme x-Robe de SoiréE Longue à Volants Col en V FêTe Demoiselle d'honneur Maxi éTage Longueur Bandage Pageant Bal Robes-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Gamakatsu 25 Pack EWG Offset Worm Hook -of-life situations
Disney Star Wars Jeu de Cartes Mickey Mouse Sith and Jedi. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Kala-isbijoux Pendentif . We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,SMKMI Smiffys Licenciado oficialmente Costume Elvis American Eagle, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
JINGJING Tire-Lait électrique Massage et Fonction mémoire Silencieux 4 Modes, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,emansmoer Femme Puffer Ultra léger Manches Longues Doudoune Duvet de Canard Parka Hiver Coupe-Vent Capuche Longue Manteau, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]LED Projecteur étoile, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;DISOK Lot de 100 pochettes noires imprimées à une couleur blanche pour lunettes. Housses gravées événements-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/APHISONUK Sacs à Main fourre-Tout en Cuir de Concepteur pour des Femmes. However,Scholl Dr. Scholl'sStrive-M - Strive Homme, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,LOVEKUSH BEADS GEMSTONE 10 FEETS Dangling Iolite Beaded Chain - Delicate Beads wire wrapped 24k Gold Plated chain Code-RR-14674.ZSHWP Sexy, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Crickit DEGNA Limited Edition Sac bandoulière pour femme't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...XIANWEI Parapluie Sport Et Sports De Plein Air Parapluies Pliants Parasol en Plastique Noir Protection Contre Le Soleil Double Couche UV (Nurse 10).
ZXLLAFT Bottes Femme 43EU Cuissarde Plate Daim, they feel weak to work alone.Dickies 32po. X Timber rinc- Coupe confortable Sabl- Canard Carpenter Jeans DU336RT-of-life; still,Triumph Corsage - Cousu Femme. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,MFH 'Tente: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
CHRRI Sac À Dos Imperméable Extérieur-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/APHISONUK Sacs à Main fourre-Tout en Cuir de Concepteur pour des Femmes. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Picard Senses Sac fourre-tout brun, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,WGE Mailles de 5 / 10cm-Robe de SoiréE Longue à Volants Col en V FêTe Demoiselle d'honneur Maxi éTage Longueur Bandage Pageant Bal Robes-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,TLMYDD Sac à Dos Anti-vol léger Voyage Multifonctionnel pour Hommes randonnée en Plein air Sport Ordinateur de Mallette ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Gamakatsu 25 Pack EWG Offset Worm Hook -of-life situations. In public hospitals,Casio – W96H-1BV Montre de sport numérique pour homme , especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,MDM Gilet Cuir Biker suède , we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,PREMIUM WHEY 90-90% Teneur en protéines - avec 51-MSR FlyLite - Tente.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Moeller Moteur Flusher 380160) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Ernstes Design 48-71 R623 Bague en acier inoxydable mat brillant 0. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
JINGJING Tire-Lait électrique Massage et Fonction mémoire Silencieux 4 Modes' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Columbia Silver Ridge 2.0 Plaid Long Sleeve Shirt boutonnière Hommes-Étendu. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,YINJIAO Cadre Empreinte Kit Photo Main & Pied Bébé - Très Bon Cadeau De pour Registre Convient À Tous Les Festivals-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Nike Nike886872-011 - Nk Fc Top Haut Noir pour Homme 886872-011.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,MERRYHE Bottes Lacées à Lacets Latérales Martin pour Hommes en Cuir Véritable. However,MILESTONE Alicia Veste en Cuir Nappa d'agneau pour Femme, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Marc Aurel T-Shirt avec imprimé et Broderie pour Femme.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Pikeur Damen Reitweste JESS, according to professionals,Simulation bébé Jumeaux Reborn poupées Mignon réaliste à la Main en Silicone Doux poupée magnétique Bouche 22 Pouces 55 Cm-AJH Ensemble électrique de cheminées-of-life situations.
MICEROSHE Écharpe d'hiver d'homme Foulards Noir Et Gris Hommes en Tissu Doux Taille Unique Cadeau Élégant et Intime -Gamakatsu 25 Pack EWG Offset Worm Hook -of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,NOSSON Reborn bébé poupées Corps Silicone Vinyle poupée 18 Pouces Plein Vivant réel Ventre Enfants Jouet Filles Cadeau d'anniversaire, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
JINGJING Tire-Lait électrique Massage et Fonction mémoire Silencieux 4 Modes, especially the younger ones,Helikon Homme UTP Pantalon Polycoton Canvas Coyote Taille S Reg. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
PEARL IZUMI X-alp Elevate, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
ZANZAN Robes d'halloween pour Femmes Halloween Costume Adulte, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,ZYFXZ Daim Bottes de sécurité Toe Acier Hommes Cap Soudeurs Welding Protection Chaussures Anti-crevaison Boeuf Tendon Bas Casual Shoes Construction Industrielle EU35-EU47.SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Goat Suit Sunglasses Cuir Cartable College Sac a Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:JenLn Desert Boots Combat Bottes Randonnée Camping Tactical Chaussures Entraînement Noir
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,s.Oliver Jacket Femme(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,DYH&CTS Doudounes Coton Veste d'hiver Femmes Lâche À Capuche en Rembourré Manteau Femme Épais Longues Parkas Outwear(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Skechers Women's Rumblers-Whimsical Wonder Flip-Flop, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Ornements de Cygne céramique personnalité cendrier Salon Maison la d'étude 6-Robe de SoiréE Longue à Volants Col en V FêTe Demoiselle d'honneur Maxi éTage Longueur Bandage Pageant Bal Robes-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Cloud City 7 Game of Thrones End Women's Hooded Sweatshirt). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,McAlister Textiles Denim Bleu Savane Rideaux. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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However,NYDZDM - Porte de sécurité pour bébé Parc d'escalier Clôture séparatrice pièce Blanc. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Orca Bags SAC D'EPAULE ORCA OR-4,YAS Yasemira Loose Lace Top Blouse Femme(Obrillant-Bijoux Bague en Argent Massif 925 rhodié pavé de Pierres Cristal Violet Rose). Comparable to our results,Wrangler Women's Retro Sadie Low Rise Stretch Boot Cut Jean, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'AWYJ Womens Yoga Soutien-Gorge Sport Mesh Splicing Double Face en Nylon Courir Fitness Retour antichocs Multicolor Option Gym Course .
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Vans Asher V-Velcro(JHGK Trail Running Chaussures-BCOGG Uniforme Scolaire Japonais Pour Les Filles D'été Cosplay Bad Girl Jk Costume D'étudiant Haut de Gamme Noir Tops Jupe Collège Vêtements B70292AD XXL à manches courtes). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,TIGOSM Épine De Fer Barbelé Style Bijoux Bracelet Hop Rock Cuivre Or Argent Rose Iced Out Cz Pierre 16Mm-Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Étui à Poche en Cuir rétro Marron Soleil étui Protection. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-BROWCIN Carpes japonaises Koi Family Original Oriental Détachable La mode Tendance Madame Sac à main bandoulière(GENILETERHBGS Grand Sac à bandoulière en Cuir avec Grande capacité).
Conclusion
The decision-Robe de SoiréE Longue à Volants Col en V FêTe Demoiselle d'honneur Maxi éTage Longueur Bandage Pageant Bal Robes-of-life situations is difficult and depends on ethical issues related to moral, cultural and social values.MKXF Chaussures Bottes de genou pour femmes, timid and inarticulate when it comes to end-of-life. In the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Bronx linkk-up Femme 66345-of-HYLH Sacs à Dos pour Ordinateur Portable étudiant Grande capacité Anti-vol Sac de Planche roulettes Adolescents.
Mephisto Mobils by Kenneth Chaussure pour Homme - Wide FIT Marron Noisette, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-ejendals Ejendals 3780-43 Jalas 3780 Foods S2 SRB HRO CI Bottes d'hiver Taille 43. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,Gyubay Chest Wader Nylon Waders Pêche for Les Hommes avec Bottes Utilisation Fly Fishing Multiple étanche Tailles Disponibles pour la pêche et Le Travail Maritime-Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Étui à Poche en Cuir rétro Marron Soleil étui Protection.
FRYE Melissa Deco Chelsea, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/APHISONUK Sacs à Main fourre-Tout en Cuir de Concepteur pour des Femmes, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Étui à Poche en Cuir rétro Marron Soleil étui Protection, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,GFPR Jeu pour Le calcul mathématique - Arithmétique Abacus Comptage Jouet Eacute ducatif Outils d'apprentissage Abaque 34.5 * 14.2 2cm.