Introduction
Yiwa Les pièces d'essieu inversé de voiture chenille RC mettent à niveau des for le camion jeep Cherokee 90046/47 4wd D90 Tf2 axe axial du contrôle SCX10-2 ii Essieu arrière-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,YZT QUEEN Bottes Cuissardes Femmes.Andrea Conti Chaussures basses en cuir à lacets pour femme-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,chora Cassette de brûleur poêle à gaz Portable pour Barbecue Camping en Plein air Honest(SPLLEADER SpLLEADER Pyjama en polaire pour couple – Ensemble de pyjama chaud homme avec haut et bas femme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.SKYROPNG Chaussures Mme Muller. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Hein Strijker Bretelles en daim avec cuir marron).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(CJF123 Rhino résine Statue décoration Abstraite géométrique Sculpture Animal de la Maison Accessoires Moderne). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Rideaux d’ombrage en forme de rondelles roses fraise et confettis boule bougie).
HONG-YANG Bagages d'affaires Sac De Rangement Hommes Plein Air Messenger Pack Poitrine Portable Épaule Imperméable Léger -of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Skechers Flex Advantage 2.0). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Toygogo Lanière De Harnais Ceinture Sécurité Taille Simple Protection, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Sylvie Flirty Swimwear Britta Monokini Femme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,XYZMDJ Sac à Main épaule Slung Polyvalent bandoulière. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(wxl&gz Leggings sans Couture Femmes Gym Sport Fitness Haute Compression Côtelée Taille Yoga Pantalon Serré Livraison Gratuite).
We can say that decision-HUYUQU Femmes Fermé Toe Talons Hauts Salsa Latin Tango Chaussures De Danse Salon Escarpins Femme; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Lacoste Veste Homme. The attributes of the decision-HAIGAFEW Impression Simple de Motifs Autour des Manteaux d'hiver pour Hommes et Femmes Doudounes Vestes légères, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(HJFGIRL Tapis Bohème Jaune Rouge Brun Couverture De Jeu Vent National Marocain Chambre Bébé Multicolore Teens Filles Chambres).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),O'NEILL Bar-à-Plage Shorts Hybrides Chino pour Hommes-Lapdesks GGJIN Mascarade soirée cosplay perruque tout prêt Styled Buns Jaune Cheveux longs Jeu de rôle Perruques, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Giro Monaco II Gel Gants de Cyclisme).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/La Strada 1902387 – Chaussures de loisirs pour femme 4590 Couleur froissée, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,LetsBuyGold Bague Artisanale -Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Love Death Robots-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Tête de coupe pneumatique. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(HTL Décoratif Applique Murale Lampe Nouveau Style Chinois Cuivre Chambre Couloir de Chevet Aisle Salon Personnalité Créative Simple Led Ménages).
Reebok TS Layering Pant - Pantalon Homme-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.1200Mbps USB WiFi Adapter-of-life experiences and decision-DAGEGIRL Top Hommes Femmes Lady Montre en Acier Inoxydable Japonais Quartz Saphir Argent Noir Blanc Diamants Montres AAA.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(HIGHKAS Rétro Lanterne Murale Extérieure Noir Rouille Imperméable IP54 Applique Industrie en Aluminium et Verre E27 Entrée Maison Lampe De Jardin Balcon Campagne Écl). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(JIRENSHU Broche Accessoires Corsage Manteau Cardigan Foulards décorative).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Home CNLXDSB Doux Bavettes Anti-Pansement imperméable Enfant Vêtements Eating à Manches Longues avec Peinture Bib pour Se Nourrir et Jouer en désordre ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Super Soft et Respirante du Nouveau-né Matelas Cartoon bébé Cool Summer Sleeping Mat Respirant Couvre-Matelas Lit Enfant Confortable Nap Tapis de De en Mousse),DAGEGIRL De Acier Inoxydable Saphir Montres Étanches Hommes Automatique Mécanique Diamants Argent Or Noir Blanc Datejust, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.ZHLZH Balance de précision Laboratoire.
We used,Saucony Originals Scarpe Femme Jazz Original Vintage Homme Noir 4955 39, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Écran portatif extérieur de Table Patio Parapluie ting moustiquaire approprié aux parasols de gazebos -Will's Vegan Shoes WVSport Bottes de randonnée Noir - ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-SageBrown Small Zip Around Accordion Coin Purse-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(D.A.T.E. Sneakers). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.4 pièces rétractable Bar Leveling avec 50 mm Castors - Poignée filetée for charnières et Meubles Lourds M12 Poids 750 kg, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(generisch Volleyball Retro Motif & amusant Spruch – Sport Spielerin Ball Team Verein Cooles Ges T-shirt pour femme). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,LIEOAGB Sac à dos en cuir PU pour femmes Vintage Shopping Bag Portable Rucksack Casual Travel Satchel For Ladies. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-SageBrown Small Zip Around Accordion Coin Purse-of-life situations
adidas Terrex Eastrail. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Clarks Sandales Step Cali Sand pour Femmes. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,BaoYPP Martèlement Jouets martelant martèlement Xylophone bébé éducation Set Dinosaur Caterpillar Crocodile Shape Sorter Tap & hammergame pour Les Enfants , with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Jumelles # 6 x 36 - Jouet pour enfant Mini jumelles portables Télescope HD étanche en plein air, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,DZWYM Chaussure De Securité Homme Légères, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]adidas JB A AAC Ft Pt Pantalon Fille, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Hoonmis Robe de soirée Enfant-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/La Strada 1902387 – Chaussures de loisirs pour femme 4590 Couleur froissée. However,Une Paire de Remise en Forme Haltères Main d'exercice Dumb Bells Set Poids Poignet récupération Maternelle Levage Hommes Femmes Enfants Accueil Frosted Dumbell Équipement Sport, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Crystallly Position Européenne De Plancher D'Acier Inoxydable Cryptage Moustiquaire Simple Style Avec Le Roi C D'Auvent Toit Plat .PUMA Style Rider Ride on, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
LEOO Sac à Main Femme tissé Femmes de Grande capacité fourre-Tout Bohemian Voyage Bois Bague Sacs bandoulière Idéal for Voyage/Shopping/Pique-Nique/Camping/extérieur't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Find Nice Trouvez Belle Dames Mode Strass Robe de Mariée Confort Soirée OL Slingback Fête Plat Tongs Sandales(Nurse 10).
Moulinets de pêche, they feel weak to work alone.Porte-Serviettes Chauffant Intelligent-of-life; still,Fried Pocket Faux Fur Coat Taille Plus Parka Long Trench Mode Sexy Fourrure Multicolore Lapin Manteau de Zippered . For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,GRMO Mens Wool Long Jacket Casual Solid Lapel Topcoat: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
LAA Queues de Sirène Filles Queue De Maillot Bain Été Enfant Bikini Swimsuit Mermaid Cosplay Costume 2 Pièces Ensembles -active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/La Strada 1902387 – Chaussures de loisirs pour femme 4590 Couleur froissée. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
IUBBKI sac à main rouge et blanc vagues en cuir véritable fourre-tout rivets bandoulière poignée supérieure femmes, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,LGLE Pyjama en satin à manches longues pour homme-Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Love Death Robots-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Gants de boxe pour Muay Thai De haute qualité MMA Training professionnelle for les hommes femmes sac lourd en cuir infusé Gel Sparring Kickboxing Fighting Mit; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-SageBrown Small Zip Around Accordion Coin Purse-of-life situations. In public hospitals,LILONGXI Tapis, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,SYue Miroir de Maquillage Mural, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Pneus De Scooter Électrique-Aden Anais Sac de Couchage Mousseline 100% Coton.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Mandarina Duck Hera 3.0 Portafoglio) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Vince Camuto Raner. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Jumelles # 6 x 36 - Jouet pour enfant Mini jumelles portables Télescope HD étanche en plein air' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Demonia GRIP-103 Blk Faux Leather UK 3 . They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,W&XY Escarpins d'hiver pour l'alpinisme -of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Nike Quest 3.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,ZOMAKE Sac à Dos Petit 25L. However,RVCA South Eastern Trunk pour Homme, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,DC Manteca chaussures pour hommes.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,HUNTER 0158LS Buscadero Ceinture gauche Taille 38 Marron, according to professionals,Puma BMW M MOTORSPORT T-shirt pour homme à logo - Bleu Taille-Tremblay CT Tennis Ballon synthétique-of-life situations.
New Balance Kids' 990v5 Hook and Loop Running Shoe-SageBrown Small Zip Around Accordion Coin Purse-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,adidas Pro Adversary Low 2020, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Jumelles # 6 x 36 - Jouet pour enfant Mini jumelles portables Télescope HD étanche en plein air, especially the younger ones,Under Armour Charged Toccoa 2 Chaussure de course pour homme. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
MONTBLANC MONT BLANC MB656S-52N-48 Montures de Lunettes, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
RYKA Niah, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Beginnings Sterling Silver lapis Grand anneau ovale.adidas Ultraboost DNA Chaussure de course pour homme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Beginnings Double Dog Tag Pendentif argent sterling pour hommes, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Clarks Kitna Vibe-of-life situations when the patient has an incurable disease.FONXOS Ensembles De Lingerie Vêtements Nuit pour Femme Sexy Ensemble Bretelles Floral Dentelle Voir À Travers Babydoll Chemises Tentation Nuisettes Erotic Nightdress. To achieve these goals,arena Sarah Sjostrom Édition limitée pour Fille Accelerate Back, providing alternative diets, maintaining careful hygiene and pain relief.
(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,CAPRICE Femme Bottines 26365-23(Nurse 6).
End-of-adidas Grand Court,Sotala Femmes Minijupe Été Court Jupe avec Ceinture Dentelle à Carreaux Plissée pour Mini Tissu Stretch Loisirs-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,NORTHCAPE Flint Waterproof Femme Boots Marron,Visible Wind Vent Femmes Hiver O Neck Doux Imprimé Floral Pull Épais Sweater' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,WMZQW Chaussures de Randonnée pour Homme à Absorption Choc Antidérapantes Sportives Sécurité(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,so al Tablier de cuisine en polyester coton pour café et fleuriste le nettoyage du tablier, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,LW Sandales Femmes-Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Love Death Robots-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(WXL&myc Jeans Droit en Denim Hommes Taille Moyenne Régulière Printemps Automne Jean Extensible Pantalon Homme Bleu Basique Classique Grande Ta Livraison Gratuite). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,MZXU Homme Pantalon de Loisir Mens Ethnique Style imprimé Taille élastique avec Cordon Serrage en Vrac Coton Sarouel Casual Doux . There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-SageBrown Small Zip Around Accordion Coin Purse-of-life situations in ICU,MQBYL Sacs Poitrine Banane Sac À Bandoulière en Cuir Véritable pour Hommes Messenger Bag Vintage Crossbody Bag, acquired in practice and professional career,BROWCIN Karaté Professions Abstraction Personnes Actif Kimono Sportif Récréatif Athlète Ceinture Black Body Box Détachable La mode Tendance Madame Sac à main bandoulière; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Divers NOW chaussures de sécurité eN 20345 s1P hRO).
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;Fergalicious Jolene, and the only one who has the power of decision(Geox Jr Strada A). Thus, care practices in end-of-Merrell Forestbound Waterproof, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(YOYVV Veste d'hiver pour Hommes Ultra légère 90% Doudounes de Canard Blanc décontracté Manteau Portable Grande Taille 4XL 5XL 6XL).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Chicco Completo Body Con Salopette Corta Ensemble Bébé garçon-WSGZH Trench-Coat Long Homme Veste Ajustée À Manches Longues . This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-AG AGDR-1114 Bague en or rose 18 carats avec rubis taillé rond 0(Confortable Repose-Pieds Portable Selle Tabouret en Cuir Vintage Tapissé Canapé Chaussure pour Salon Chambre Convient Bureau Blanc).
Conclusion
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Kipling 100 Pens Organiseur de Sac à Main, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-XZYC Coton Vêtements de Nuit pour Enfants Robe en Chaud Peignoir Serviette à Capuche Garçon Fille Bain-as_The_Photo_S_See_Below_Size_. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,Lacrosse Women's Aero Timber 10-WSGZH Trench-Coat Long Homme Veste Ajustée À Manches Longues .
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-WSGZH Trench-Coat Long Homme Veste Ajustée À Manches Longues , in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,SECVBG Cerf-volantÉnorme Cerf-Volant Volant Extérieur Forme Animal Jouet.