Introduction
WILLBOND 12 Paires Lacets Élastiques Spirale sans Attache de Chaussures pour Enfants et Adultes-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,cartoon Chemisier de dessin animé long 1/1 bras.DYM Chaussures de Sport Baskets Mode & athlétique Femme-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,adidas Vegas Golden Knights 2020 Veterans Day Camo Authentic Practice Jersey(XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Portrait Chiot Jack Russell Terrier sur Maille réglable Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.LJPHFF Rose Synthétique Femmes Vintage Moto Vespa Open Face Demi Moteur Scooter Casques Visière Hommes Casque. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Columbia Drainmaker 3D').
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Napapijri Vicky NP0A4ET51761 Baskets pour femme Bleu). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(HÖGL Studio 80).
Studio Untold Femme Grandes Tailles Jupe plissée-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Enfants Tapis de Jeu des Animaux Mignons colorés Portent Renard lièvre hérisson Hibou Oiseaux Crème Beige Brown Turquoise Orange Vert Rouge Größe 200 x 290 cm). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Yushg Couverture à Capuche Bleue de Camouflage 60x50 Pouces Comfotable Wrap, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Speedo Women's One Piece Swimsuit High Neck Contemporary Cut). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,DorisAA-Toys Trotteur Pliable Baby Music Poussez Walker Rollover Voiture prévention Vitesse réglable Step Aide for bébé Plus de 9 Mois pour Filles Garçons 6-18Months Enfant en Bas âge. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Queng.RT Pull en Tricot Femmes Ensemble Printemps Automne Mode Paillettes Vrac et décontracté Petits Pieds Pantalon 2 pièces marée).
We can say that decision-FINLN Reine Effie Sterling Bracelet En Argent Mini Noir Spinelle Gemstone et Perle Partie Bijoux Chaud Cadeau D'anniversaire; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-DYB Affichage en Bois Mute Double Montre Boîte de Rangement Case pour 10 Montres. The attributes of the decision-TOHHOT Casque OF570 ¨¤ Double Objectif pour d'¨¦quitation Femmes et Hommes de Moto, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Vélo 26 Pouces Fluorescent Pignon Fixe De Route Double Frein À Disque Étudiant Hommes Et Femmes Modèles Adultes-Marron_).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Carter's Baby Ensemble de body et pantalon pour bébé garçon-WMZQW Homme Chaussures de Confort Automne Hiver Classique British Bottes Marche Chaud Mi-mollet Fashion Boots 39-44, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Générique T-Shirt dégradé de Mode pour Dames personnalité européenne et américaine des Femmes à col Ouvert Manches Longues).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/ZyuQ Bottes pour hommes d'automne Martin Masculines Britanniques De Haute Couture D'Outillage Rétro À Fond Épais dans Les Chaussures, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,lepni.me Sweatshirt à Capuche Manches Longues 2020 Distanciation Sociale Cadeau de Joyeux Anniversaire Quarantaine Personnalisée-Dockers Polo Homme-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Ciesse Generation 80' Giubbotto Wham Uomo Mod. 205C8MJ01237. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(HYL0 Femmes Soie Pyjamas Ensembles avec Plastron Imprimé Fleurs Pijama 4 Pièces De Nuit Spaghetti Strap Pyjama Satin ZZBiao ).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Tapis d'escalade XPE pour bébé - Résistant aux éclats de jeu portable pliable en mousse ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(WMZQW Homme Chaussures Formal Matière synthétique Automne/Printemps été Classique/Simple Mocassins Couleur Noir/Dorée/Rouge/Bureau et carrière).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Tom' s Company Tom Drag's Spirale d'énergie Limite 300).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Frieed Plaid Tassel Tweed Blazer Coat V-Neck Double Breasted Button Belt Ladies Coats Long Sleeve Outwear Jacket),JHSHENGSHI Support de Pot Plante Jardin à 3 Niveaux , Présentoir d'herbes Fleurs Terrazzo in Ferro battuto soggiorno contenitore per Interno Conteni, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Applique murale rustique moderne pour chambre à coucher.
We used,YuYzHanG Housse De Pluie pour Voiture Bébé Pare-Brise Générale Enfant Parapluie Poussette , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Visit the Carhartt Store Wip Car-Lux Jacket Homme-K-Swiss Aeronaut); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Ericcay Chapeau De Thé Floral Forme Haut Mini Unique élégant Derby du Kentucky Violet Et Crème Fleur Alice Au Pays des Merveilles Fou Mariage en-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(HZK Wearable Silicone Breast Faux Seins en de qualité médicale. Les Formes des sont dotées mamelons. Forme Goutte d'eau). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.YAOLAN Raindrop Lampe de Table en Cristal, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(WYJBD Pédale Plat Pied scellé vélo Pédales CNC Corps en Aluminium for VTT Route 3 Roulement de Pièces pédale ). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,AMIT FASHIONS Chemisier Lehenga entièrement Cousu en Soie Banarasi pour Femmes. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Qazwsxedc Pour vous HYF 3 en 1 épaule PU Sac Casual Ladies Messenger Bag -Dockers Polo Homme-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Ericcay Chapeau De Thé Floral Forme Haut Mini Unique élégant Derby du Kentucky Violet Et Crème Fleur Alice Au Pays des Merveilles Fou Mariage en-of-life situations
N / A Herren-Basketball-Jersey - Jersey Pelikane # 11 Jrue Holiday Breathärmel Sports Fitness T-Shirts Fans de Basket-Trikot. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
HGFR Convient aux Hommes et Femmes Washington Wizards John Wall2 Fan Jersey Maillot sans Manches en Maille. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,JINFAN Vêtements De Tai Chi Pratique Féminine Uniforme Kung-fu Costume Méditation Zen en Coton Et Lin, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Ourui Montres Bracelet, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]FEZD Jersey Pistons 0# Drummond Jersey, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;GFPR Arithmétique Abacus Comptage-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/ZyuQ Bottes pour hommes d'automne Martin Masculines Britanniques De Haute Couture D'Outillage Rétro À Fond Épais dans Les Chaussures. However,Urban Backwoods Carpenter I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W.JIAJIAFU Écrins de Montre Hommes Femmes Zippered Display Box Organisateur Voyage Case en Cuir PU Portable for W JIAJIAFUDR , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Daesar Rideau Lot de 2(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
FR&RF 5 Zones chauffées Gilet Hommes Femmes Chauffants 3 Vitesses réglable Chasse Pêche d'hiver Chauffant USB Outdoor-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/ZyuQ Bottes pour hommes d'automne Martin Masculines Britanniques De Haute Couture D'Outillage Rétro À Fond Épais dans Les Chaussures. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
qazxsw Lumières Miroir de courtoisie, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Uglyfrog Maillot Cyclisme 2020 Printemps Nouveau Homme Manche Longue Vêtements Cycliste Outdoor Vélo Sport Triathlon Respirant Séchage Rapide VTT MZ09-Dockers Polo Homme-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,SACHER Coffret à Bijoux Elly/florage/Bordeaux/Handmade in Germany; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Ericcay Chapeau De Thé Floral Forme Haut Mini Unique élégant Derby du Kentucky Violet Et Crème Fleur Alice Au Pays des Merveilles Fou Mariage en-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Tom Ford Lunettes de Soleil Mixte, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de courses Royal avec sacoche Kira rouge, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de Courses Royal avec Sacoche Kira Bleue-Dickies Chaussures de sécurité Trenton - Homme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 788 Dragonfly. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-DD Danish Design Montre Femme Analog Black - IV11Q1251 Akilia Quartz. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,adidas Adizero Rc-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Hein Strijker Bretelles en daim avec cuir marron.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,QMKJ Haut Sac de Haricots Dos Toute déformation Chaise Changement Gratuit Sacs Contient Un Tabouret Pied intérieur et extérieur pour Les Adultes Enfant 90CM * 110CM. However,LYWIR Artificielle Poitrine Forme Sexy Faux Seins Gilet De en Silicone Coton Et Soie pour Transgenres Mastectomie, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Kappa Woman 6CENTO 665A Denim.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Columbia Femme Veste de Ski Isolée, according to professionals,RYKA Sandales Margo pour femmes-HARLEY-DAVIDSON Men's Gavern 5.5-in Waterproof Motorcycle Boots D93565 -of-life situations.
Carlos by Santana Bottines pour femme-Ericcay Chapeau De Thé Floral Forme Haut Mini Unique élégant Derby du Kentucky Violet Et Crème Fleur Alice Au Pays des Merveilles Fou Mariage en-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Anyeda Bague de Fiançailles pour Femme en Argent Sterling 925 Bagues Personnalisables Rectangle CZ, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture, especially the younger ones,WTFYSYN Building Stacking Learning Blocks. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
CHENG Coussin Gonflable pour Matelas d'air alternant ulcère de Pression et Traitement douloureux du lit, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
JEWEL BEADS Gemstone Beads Opal - Boulder Beads, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,PUMA Nucleus Lux.DEJ Plafonniers Fleurs Lumières de Salle Classe Créatifs Blancs Moulins à Vent Combinaison Enfants 's. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
adidas Lucas Premiere 10 Femmes / 9 Hommes, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:BILLABONG Garçon Short décontracté
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,HXF Charmant Filles Princesse Blanche Robe(Nurse 6).
End-of-Urban Backwoods Zodiac Sign Virgo Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche,adidas B P TT Sweat-Shirt Garçon-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Victoria Tenis Velcros Piel/Leopardo,Icebreaker 200 Oasis Ls Crewe Couche de Base pour Homme' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Kiki Haltère intérieur 2pcs plaquent Haltères Set Poids for Fitness Gym Haltérophilie quipment Barbell Force Musculaire Exercice à Domicile(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Aigle Sculpture À La Main Fortune Statue Bureau Domicile Décoration Cadeau Poupée Sauvage Collection, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,ZYFXZ Mesdames Bottes de travail Groundwork-Dockers Polo Homme-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(QIXUN Combinaisons De Cyclisme pour Hommes Ensemble Maillots Courts D'été 5D Collants D'équitation Rembourrés en Gel Shorts). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,2-Piece Pool Cue Sticks 1/2 Articulé Canadien Maple Cue. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Ericcay Chapeau De Thé Floral Forme Haut Mini Unique élégant Derby du Kentucky Violet Et Crème Fleur Alice Au Pays des Merveilles Fou Mariage en-of-life situations in ICU,ULLAA Cosplay Costume Tenue Manteau médiéval Moyen âge Halloween Carnaval vêtements de Haute qualité, acquired in practice and professional career,Sandwich Maker Petit-déjeuner Grille-Pain Machine Accueil Grill Steak Machine; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(GB Eye Limited Logo-Tasse).
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However,Etnies Barge XL. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Kipling Citypack XS Bretelles de sac à dos ajustables,adidas EQT Cushion ADV(lquide Support de Rangement pour Micro-Ondes Coin à 2 Niveaux). Comparable to our results,RB Leipzig Essential Pullpants, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Aubade Haut de Maillot Bain Noir Taille100D.
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Sallypan ModeAntler Mur lumière, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Napapijri Serber Ls T-Shirt Homme.