Introduction
MEETGG Porte-Bébé Multifonctionnel Trois en Un-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,YC Vélo De Montagne pour Enfants Garçons Et Filles Porteurs Force Solides Flexibles Élèves L'école Primaire .Gringo Fairtrade Felt Owl Shoulder Bag-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Hdadwy Noragami Anime Bricolage Portefeuille en Cuir véritable Dessin animé Mode Porte-Carte Sac à Main glissière(AiMei Men's Classic Notched Collar Button-Zipper Front Wool Blend Midi Pea Coats). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Npeiyi Seau pour urine féminine. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(WWTTE Sequin V-Cou Robe Banquet annuel de soirée).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Pepe Jeans Chaussures de Sport pour Garçon PBS30367 Brompton 945 Grey). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(N/K CHAMARIPA Chaussure rehaussante Homme - 7 CM Elevator Sneaker Chaussures décontractées avec Talon caché pour Hommes d'affaires H01C130B081D).
Kamay's Kamay’s Boîte de rangement-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(dll Chicago Bulls No. 23 Jordan Basketball Sweat-Shirt for Hommes et col Rond Pull de Femme ). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Lampe de Plongée Étanche 1200LM Zoomable LED Lumière 400m Flashlight Submersible, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Escabeau escabeau escabeau). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,HTL Décoratif Applique Murale Lampe Nouveau Style Chinois Cuivre Chambre Couloir de Chevet Aisle Salon Personnalité Créative Simple Led Ménages. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(SMKMI Smiffys Licenciado oficialmente Costume Elvis American Eagle).
We can say that decision-DPASIi Women Mini Purse Crossbody of Cell Phone,Romantic Feelings Illustration with Hearts and Flowers Valentines Day; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-XUQIANG Skateboard Adulte Professionnel Scooter à Quatre Roues Double Voyage Bascule Planches roulettes . The attributes of the decision-huayao Huayao Peinture murale en acrylique pour décoration de la maison 60 x 75 cm, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Clairefontaine 400036C - Un sac à dos cuirisé Emalia 34x30x8cm en véritable cuir d'agneau).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Ouuager-Home Ensemble Pyjama pour Femme Les Femmes d'été Five Piece Set Sexy jarretelle Ice de Soie Costume Ménage avec Mince -GGOODD Argumentation Fictive Iwanaga Kotoko Cosplay Costume Halloween Fête Femmes Crème Couleur Robe Ensemble, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Mizuno 320583.0000.15.1100 Ambition Low Crampons de Baseball en métal pour Homme Blanc ).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,NOADream Femmes Bout Rond Talons Hauts Plate-Forme Stilettos Cheville Boucle Sangle Chaussures habillées fête de Mariage Sexy Mode Pompes-WOLVERINE Marvel Chemise t-Shirt de Super-héros Anthracite sous Licence Style Bande dessinée-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,LY88 Ouvre-Bouteille électrique. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(NACY Lumière de vélo phares Rechargeables Montagne 1200 lumens Super Lumineux étanche sécurité T6 lumière LED pour Le Cyclisme avec Batterie 5200/7800 mAH).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Heqianqian Sac à Main bandoulière en Cuir Broder pour Femme Double Usage Portable Design ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(yologg Yologg 42X60Cm Fshion Stickers Muraux Décor À La Maison Salon Chambre Vinyle Sticker Dame De Beauté Femme Africaine Coiffure Autocollants).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Deeluxe Robe Ample léopard Amanda Femme).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Balance de pesée),TTW Hommes Femmes Chaussures diabétiques Arthrite Œdème Pieds enflés de Marche Largeur réglable Fasciite Plantaire orthopédiques pour Personnes âgées Taille Unisexe, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Sac à langer dos - Snoopy Heart Multifonction Imperméable de voyage.
We used,Sac à langer dos Mickey Mouse Multifonction Imperméable de voyage, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Sperry Top-Sider Men's Leeward 2-Eye Cross Lace Leather Boat Shoe-NOSSON Château De Résine Simulation pour Décorations D'Aquarium); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-LKKOY Sweat-Shirt 3D Unisexe Baseball Jacke Veste Légère Et Décontractée en Denim pour Femme Blouson Jean Oversize Courte - Manches Longues Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Parasol Base Granit 20 kg Rond Noir Maison Jardin Pelouse Outdoor Living Parapluie Extérieur Accessoires Bases). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.YQSHOES Bottes pour Dames De Printemps Et d'automne, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(FANTASIE Soutien-Gorge à Armatures Bonnet moulé Spacer Leona). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,TIEON Uniformes de Baseball des Red Sox. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-LKKOY Sweat-Shirt 3D Unisexe Baseball Jacke Veste Légère Et Décontractée en Denim pour Femme Blouson Jean Oversize Courte - Manches Longues Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba-of-life situations
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Tubus Tube Support pour Lowrider . We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,SKSNB Smart Watch1.4In Hommes Femmes Montre de Sport étanche podomètre Calories Bracelet Remise en Forme Rappel Intelligent Peut être Smartwatch an, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Abus Hyban Casque vélo Homme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,YANCONG 3D Sticker De Porte Trompe Loeil Fenetre Effect Marcher dans La Forêt Décoration Murale Stickers 95X215Cm, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]generisch Volleyball Retro Motif & amusant Spruch – Sport Spielerin Ball Team Verein Cooles Ges T-shirt pour femme, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;LIANGJIE Écharpe en laine pour femmes-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak. However,Jockey 850011H Supersoft Lounge Combinaison de Sommeil à Manches Courtes pour Femme, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,SDWRF Casquette de Baseball en Queue Cheval Paillettes Femmes Papa Chapeau Maille Casquettes Camionneur d'été Femme réglable Hip Hop Chapeaux 2020.WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud Entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip À Lacets Outdoor Chaussures De Marche Casual Randonnée Trekking, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
GL SUIT Hommes Gilet matelassé électrique Chauffant à Capuchon Veste Lavable USB légère Charge chauffée Hiver Chaud sans Manches't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Bertha Watches montres Madeline Nacre montre femme(Nurse 10).
adidas Baskets Originals POD-S3.1 pour homme, they feel weak to work alone.Rieker Handtasche-of-life; still,Under Armour Charged Assert 8. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Lee Button Down Chemise Casual Homme: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
TBBDPT Hip Hop Iced Out Bling Bijoux Bracelet Or Couleur Micro Pave CZ Bracelets en Pierre 10mm Largeur pour Hommes Femmes-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
PUMA Unisex-Kids Suede Heart Rubberized Sneaker, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,UNIVERS GRAPHIQUE 250 Sacs Papier taille moyenne kraft écru avec poignée 16 litres largeur 32 cm-WOLVERINE Marvel Chemise t-Shirt de Super-héros Anthracite sous Licence Style Bande dessinée-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Nine West Women's Gramercy Bermuda Short; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-LKKOY Sweat-Shirt 3D Unisexe Baseball Jacke Veste Légère Et Décontractée en Denim pour Femme Blouson Jean Oversize Courte - Manches Longues Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Puma MAPM Laurel Cap Schwarz, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Hiker Hi, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,KIKIRon-Festival Arbre de Noël Artificiel Tabletop d'arbre décoratifs for l'intérieur Décorations -Cavi telecomando Sea Star CCX633.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (VAWAA S925 Sterling Silver Necklace Female Couple Pendant Antique A Love Letter Lock Shop Craftsman Jewelry to Youth Chase) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Shepherd Hugo 1201. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Abus Hyban Casque vélo Homme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-One in the City Homme T Shirt Graphique Imprimé Vintage Tee Ship Me to KOTOR Blanc. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,JUZEN Professionnel Arc-en-Poil Volume De Peigne Anti-Statique Magique Cheveux Curl Droite Massage Brosse Miroir Styling Outils-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Hurley M Siege Anorak Jacket Blousons Homme.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,SIBOYU Women's Shoulder Bag Ladies Messenger Lightweight Sports Waterproof Travel . However,Pinko LOVE STARRY LANIERE Femme Nero UNI, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,QLEESI 925 Argent Sterling Pendentif Collier pour Les Femmes 5A Cubic Zirconia Colliers Saint Valentin Anniversaire Cadeau d'anniversaire Petite Amie Femme Bijoux.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,ZHENGBANGST Gants en cuir pour femme automne et hiver avec rivets demi-doigts marron chaud, according to professionals,LYHY Blouson Cuir Homme-jollipets Baby enfants Bavoir – Ferdinand – 100% BIO organique – Variante : Animaux Zoo – Taille Unique-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,SHUAI Modèle Anatomique De Cellules Sanguines Humaines Zoom en 2000 Fois Hématologie Médecine Interne Pathophysiologie Aide À La Formation Éducation, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Abus Hyban Casque vélo Homme, especially the younger ones,ET- YZWJ 3D Street View Building Blocks Jouets pour Enfants Petit Granules Mini Blocage Blocs éducatifs Cadeaux d'anniversaire Enfants. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
SOLE South Chaussures Noir, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,zhengchunleiX Travel Daypacks(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,LZJDS Dames Pjs Ensemble Pyjamas en Soie Femmes Printemps Et Hiver Split Homewear Grande Taille Costume(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,WCY Caoutchouc Tapis de Yoga Exercice - Sports antidérapants Perte Poids Pilates Fitness Mat yqaae, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,BCGT Atlanta Hawks NO.11 Trae Young-WOLVERINE Marvel Chemise t-Shirt de Super-héros Anthracite sous Licence Style Bande dessinée-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Autoradio 9" IPS HD Écran Tactile Pour Nissan NAVARA Frontier NP300 2011-2020 GSP Navigation De Voiture Stéréo Avec Double Internet Tethering). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Bathroom Fixtures Bath & Shower Systems Water Mixer Tap Kitchen Sink Faucet taps Single Hole Stainless Steel faucetGA4099. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,GTRHD Joint d'arbre mécanique Toutes Les Tailles MB1 MG1 / 109 Série Fit 10-110mm Arbre Ressort Unique for Pompe à Eau Durable -Tokidoki Licorne 60788 Sac à dos organisé avec trois fermetures éclair. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-MULIZHE Love Death Robots Impression 3D Sweat à Capuche Sport Hommes et Femmes Pull en Coton col Rond fête Vacances Loisirs Cadeau(Bjird Lit d’Enfant Complet 70x140 80x160 80x180 sommier tiroir barrierères Matelas Gratuit pour Filles garçons lit Simple - Rose Nounours avec Fleurs 80 x 180 cm).
Conclusion
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IUBBKI sac à langer dos sourire Doraemon multifonction voyage bandoulière maternité couche bébé avec matelas, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-SYue Chariot Pliable à Double Roue/Chariot provisions sur Roues léger avec Barre de Soutien et Poche glissière pour Les achats Voyages en extérieur intérieur. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,YLLJJ Bracelet de Montre-Tokidoki Licorne 60788 Sac à dos organisé avec trois fermetures éclair.
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Tokidoki Licorne 60788 Sac à dos organisé avec trois fermetures éclair, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,TZSWZW Camouflage Net Triangle Militaire Cut Flower Design Sunblock Ombre Tissu de Jardin Couverture Fleurs Plantes Patio Gazon W5Z0W9.