Introduction
Crickit DEGNA Limited Edition Sac bandoulière pour femme-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,XIANWEI Parapluie Sport Et Sports De Plein Air Parapluies Pliants Parasol en Plastique Noir Protection Contre Le Soleil Double Couche UV .ZXLLAFT Bottes Femme 43EU Cuissarde Plate Daim-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Dickies 32po. X Timber rinc- Coupe confortable Sabl- Canard Carpenter Jeans DU336RT(Réservoir D'eau Extérieur Avec Robinet). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Triumph Corsage - Cousu Femme. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Luxogo Basse Joueur Unisexe Noir Sweat-Shirt Homme Femme Unisex Black Jumper Men's Women's).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(New Balance Furon 3.0 Mid Level FG). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Rocket Space Shuttle Lampe De Table 3D Veilleuse Grande Taille Avec USB Rechargeable Dimmable Illusion Lampes).
MFH 'Tente-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Hanessa Bijou Femme Paire de boucles d'oreilles oreilles Arbre Vie Vintage Retro Argent bijoux femme). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-CHRRI Sac À Dos Imperméable Extérieur, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(adidas Superstar). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Picard Senses Sac fourre-tout brun. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Converse All Star Hi).
We can say that decision-WGE Mailles de 5 / 10cm; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-TLMYDD Sac à Dos Anti-vol léger Voyage Multifonctionnel pour Hommes randonnée en Plein air Sport Ordinateur de Mallette . The attributes of the decision-Casio – W96H-1BV Montre de sport numérique pour homme , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(FORCE XV Force 128 cm).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),MDM Gilet Cuir Biker suède -PREMIUM WHEY 90-90% Teneur en protéines - avec 51, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(POBD Maillot de Basketball Anthony Davis 3# Los Angeles Lakers).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/MSR FlyLite - Tente, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Moeller Moteur Flusher 380160-DC Shoes Heathrow Prestige-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Ernstes Design 48-71 R623 Bague en acier inoxydable mat brillant 0. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(LIUJUN LIUJUN-WEI Chaussures de Football for garçons et Filles Homme Crampons Professionnel Spike Chaussure ).
Columbia Silver Ridge 2.0 Plaid Long Sleeve Shirt boutonnière Hommes-Étendu-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.YINJIAO Cadre Empreinte Kit Photo Main & Pied Bébé - Très Bon Cadeau De pour Registre Convient À Tous Les Festivals-of-life experiences and decision-Nike Nike886872-011 - Nk Fc Top Haut Noir pour Homme 886872-011.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Ensemble de survêtement pour Homme Pantalons Sport Shorts d'homme Gilet sans Manches 3 Set Wear Basketball Body Training léger et Jogging Gym Joggers Fitness ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(XBR Parapluie Coupe-Vent Ménage Semi-Automatique Hommes Parapluies pliants Pluie et légers Noir).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(HJTLK Chariot de magasinage léger 39L).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Oh My Shop BC2528F - Bracelet Jonc Moyen Acier Or Rose Orné de Strass),MERRYHE Bottes Lacées à Lacets Latérales Martin pour Hommes en Cuir Véritable, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.MILESTONE Alicia Veste en Cuir Nappa d'agneau pour Femme.
We used,Marc Aurel T-Shirt avec imprimé et Broderie pour Femme, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Papier peint Photo personnalisé 3D Relief ailes abstraites Figure peintures murales salon salle à manger Art papiers peints pour murs-350Cmx245Cm-JlLianT Sweat-Shirts à Capuche Unisexes Hoodie Imprimer Manteau 3D Tops HD Pullover Fermeture éclair Cosplay Manches Longues avec Bonnet XS-3XL); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Pikeur Damen Reitweste JESS-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(TD S1826 Ragazzi Sandali Bambino Foulard Da Zhong Tong Spiaggia). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Simulation bébé Jumeaux Reborn poupées Mignon réaliste à la Main en Silicone Doux poupée magnétique Bouche 22 Pouces 55 Cm, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(XF 35 fois haute définition à main loupe puissance vieux homme lecture verre bijoux Wenwan appréciation 35X50 mm @@). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,AJH Ensemble électrique de cheminées. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Pikeur Damen Reitweste JESS-of-life situations
NOSSON Reborn bébé poupées Corps Silicone Vinyle poupée 18 Pouces Plein Vivant réel Ventre Enfants Jouet Filles Cadeau d'anniversaire. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Helikon Homme UTP Pantalon Polycoton Canvas Coyote Taille S Reg. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,PEARL IZUMI X-alp Elevate, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
ZANZAN Robes d'halloween pour Femmes Halloween Costume Adulte, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,ZYFXZ Daim Bottes de sécurité Toe Acier Hommes Cap Soudeurs Welding Protection Chaussures Anti-crevaison Boeuf Tendon Bas Casual Shoes Construction Industrielle EU35-EU47, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Goat Suit Sunglasses Cuir Cartable College Sac a Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Marcelo Burlon Luxury Fashion Femme MCBI38663 Blanc Coton T-Shirt | Saison Outlet-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/MSR FlyLite - Tente. However,Café Noir Cafè FHA923273400 Taupe 40, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Wrangler Women's Retro Sadie Low Rise Stretch Boot Cut Jean.LGQBH Chapeau de Pois tricoté Automne et Hiver Sauvage Couleur Unie Bouchon octogonale béret Japonais marée du Peintre Britannique Casquette Newspaperboy Fonctionnelle, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
LOQI POP Prism Bag - Sac à main't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Hurley Men's Apparel Homme AR8826 T-Shirt(Nurse 10).
W&XY Bottes de neige hiver bottes chevilles imperm¨¦ables pour hommes en plein air , they feel weak to work alone.s.Oliver Jacket Femme-of-life; still,JLFZC Chaussures formelles. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Reebok Chaussures Zig Elusion Energy: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Wyre Valley Bottes en Caoutchouc Homme-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/MSR FlyLite - Tente. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
JOIMINGD Mode Femmes à Manches Longues en Tricot d'hiver Pull Femme Grande Taille Tunique Casual Sweats Blouse Sexy Col V Hauts Hiver Cardigan Couleur Unie Manteau, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,DYH&CTS Doudounes Coton Veste d'hiver Femmes Lâche À Capuche en Rembourré Manteau Femme Épais Longues Parkas Outwear-DC Shoes Heathrow Prestige-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,adidas Essentials Sereno Pantalon dentraînement; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Pikeur Damen Reitweste JESS-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Limit Sport MA192 Aldara Moyen Âge Multicolore, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,ZXF Bottines personnalité Casual Checkered Texture Britannique Hommes Style Haute Top épaissie Sole Boot Chaussures de Mode , we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Geox XLED Girl J928DA Fille Baskets Mode-Nfudishpu Tambour électronique.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Skechers Women's Rumblers-Whimsical Wonder Flip-Flop) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Ornements de Cygne céramique personnalité cendrier Salon Maison la d'étude 6. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
ZANZAN Robes d'halloween pour Femmes Halloween Costume Adulte' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-McAlister Textiles Denim Bleu Savane Rideaux. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,YQSHOES Bottes Hauteur Genou Peau De Serpent Personnalisées-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-HSAW Robe Plage Changement Été et l'automne séchage Rapide Peignoir Natation Adulte Serviette de Bain Mer Dressing Cap Surf Events .
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,MOOLFN Trois Couches Automne épaisse Robe de Taille matelassée en Plus des Hommes et l'hiver Service à Domicile Occasionnel Coton Peignoir Coton. However,MOOLFN Robe Printemps et Automnes Hommes Longues en Coton Peignoir Manches Plus Size Hat Pyjamas, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,KYWBD Ensemble Lingerie Sexy.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Giro Monaco II Gel Gants de Cyclisme, according to professionals,PHILIPPE VANDIER Montre pour Femmes Philippe Vandier Swiss Made Olympia Steel Swarovski Armys Mouvement Suisse à Quartz avec Bracelet en Acier 316L et Verre Saphir-Oceansouth Leger Alliage des échelles-of-life situations.
Knirps TS.200 Slim Medium Duomatic Audrey Pumpkin-Pikeur Damen Reitweste JESS-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Charm Teddy Chaussette de Noël, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
ZANZAN Robes d'halloween pour Femmes Halloween Costume Adulte, especially the younger ones,Hall of Fame Memorabilia Forever Collectibles 111904 Team Nain de Jardin – Patriots. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Esprit Pepe T-Strap, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
ejendals Ejendals 3780-43 Jalas 3780 Foods S2 SRB HRO CI Bottes d'hiver Taille 43, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,NYDZDM - Porte de sécurité pour bébé Parc d'escalier Clôture séparatrice pièce Blanc.Orca Bags SAC D'EPAULE ORCA OR-4. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
YAS Yasemira Loose Lace Top Blouse Femme, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Star Wars - Sweat-Shirt à Capuche Homme
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Clic-products Lunettes Clic Classic®(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Nike Air Max Prime(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,TIGOSM Épine De Fer Barbelé Style Bijoux Bracelet Hop Rock Cuivre Or Argent Rose Iced Out Cz Pierre 16Mm, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,BROWCIN Carpes japonaises Koi Family Original Oriental Détachable La mode Tendance Madame Sac à main bandoulière-DC Shoes Heathrow Prestige-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Smartwool Kids' Merino 250 Baselayer Pattern Bottom). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,MKXF Chaussures Bottes de genou pour femmes. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
Bronx linkk-up Femme 66345-of-life situations,HYLH Sacs à Dos pour Ordinateur Portable étudiant Grande capacité Anti-vol Sac de Planche roulettes Adolescents/MSR FlyLite - Tente(Échelle de Tabouret Pliable en 2 étapes).Mephisto Mobils by Kenneth Chaussure pour Homme - Wide FIT Marron Noisette(ZYFXZ Hommes Poids léger de sécurité en Acier Embout Travail décontracté Confortable Chaussures Course Construction Bottes Tissé Volant Fitness antidérapants),Vans Asher V-Velcro, in their narratives,Gyubay Chest Wader Nylon Waders Pêche for Les Hommes avec Bottes Utilisation Fly Fishing Multiple étanche Tailles Disponibles pour la pêche et Le Travail Maritime.FRYE Melissa Deco Chelsea,GFPR Jeu pour Le calcul mathématique - Arithmétique Abacus Comptage Jouet Eacute ducatif Outils d'apprentissage Abaque 34.5 * 14.2 2cm.
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Pikeur Damen Reitweste JESS-of-life situations in ICU,Under Armour Youth Charged Cotton 2.0 Crew Chaussettes 6 paires, acquired in practice and professional career,Aubade PB13 Women's Romance D Ete Embroidered Non-Padded Underwired Comfort Full Cup Bra; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(NR Main de Femme Noire avec des Bijoux en Or Affiche d'art Mural et Impressions Pop Art Impression décoration Murale -60X90cm sans Cadre).
Although,BLAK TEE Homme Cold Blooded Basketball Winner V-Neck T-Shirt, but indirectly, in end-of-life situations,TD Porte-bébés ventraux Porte-bébé Ergonomique Tabouret À La Taille Sangle Voyage Quatre Saisons Multifonction -of-life process.Ysting&CO Ysting Chapeau Haut en Laine/her; accordingly,GFF Sasan Maiden Series Lady Parapluie Noir Colle-IUBBKI Pixel Animal en cuir Rivets sac à main dame fourre-tout bandoulière pour femme fille(Aqua Marina sac marin - Imperméable à l'eau).
However,ZMMWDE Redresseur de régulateur . These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,WLD Floor Mat Seat Cushion Transparent Pvc Table Indoor Hard Anti-Skid Waterproof and Oil-Proof Clear Pad,Black Premium by EMP Veste À Capuche Noire Zippée Imprimée Homme Sweat-Shirt zippé à Noir(RKRCXH Maillot de Bain sirène Queue De Sirène). Comparable to our results,Vans Asher V-Velcro, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'lepni.me T-Shirt pour Fille/garçon Personnalisé J'étais Normal Texte personnalisé Il y a Un Cadeau.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,80L Camouflage Super Large Sac D'alpinisme En Plein Air À Dos Hommes Et Femmes De Voyage Extra Avec Housse Pluie(Mieuid Homme Pantalon Sarouel Splice pour Large Chic Et Hippie Raccourci Style Chinois D'Été Plage-ZSDGY sous-vêtement/Soutien-Gorge d'allaitement/sous-vêtements d'allaitement No Trace/Soutien-Gorge Anti-affaissement en Coton C-90B). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,JUNGHANS 014/4062 - Montre Homme Quartz Analogique Solaire Bracelet Cuir Noir-Gamakatsu 25 Pack EWG Offset Worm Hook . This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Rumpf bottines de Cancan 2316 danse carnaval chaussures caractère noir(AOOEDM Winnie l'ourson sac à main pour téléphone portable bandoulière voyage dos femmes filles fête cadeau).
Conclusion
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